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Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic
Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic is here in full — 289 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic
Context Illustration Reading 1/57 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
[1564] She asked: Still lives my daughter, and all her maiden band?”
They answered: Herwic brings her, his own, again to her land.
Ne’er to so brave a warrior it hath befallen better.
Ortrun, too, they are bringing, and Hartmut, her brother; these in bonds they fetter.”
[1565] A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic is here in full — 289 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/57 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[1564] She asked: “Still lives my daughter, and all her maiden band?”
Line 2
They answered: “Herwic brings her, his own, again to her land.
Line 3
Ne’er to so brave a warrior it hath befallen better.
/ner tuː soʊ breɪv ə ˈwɔːriər ɪt hæθ bəˈfɑːlən ˈbetər/
Line 4
Ortrun, too, they are bringing, and Hartmut, her brother; these in bonds they fetter.”
Line 5
[1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

befallen verb US /bəˈfɑːlən/

inflected form of “befall” — become of; happen to

From this reading “Ne’er to so brave a warrior it hath befallen better.”

bonds noun US /bɑːndz/

plural of “bond” — an electrical force linking atoms

From this reading “Ortrun, too, they are bringing, and Hartmut, her brother; these in bonds they fetter.””

brings verb US /brɪŋz/

third-person singular of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading “They answered: “Herwic brings her, his own, again to her land.”

fetter noun US /ˈfetər/

a shackle for the ankles or feet

From this reading “Ortrun, too, they are bringing, and Hartmut, her brother; these in bonds they fetter.””

maiden noun US /ˈmeɪdən/

an unmarried girl (especially a virgin)

From this reading “[1564] She asked: “Still lives my daughter, and all her maiden band?””

Ne'er adverb US /ner/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

sadness noun US /ˈsædnəs/

emotions experienced when not in a state of well-being

From this reading “[1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.”

warrior noun US /ˈwɔːriər/

someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading “Ne’er to so brave a warrior it hath befallen better.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1564

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1564] She asked: “Still lives my daughter, and all her maiden band?”

1565

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Ne’er to so brave a warrior it hath befallen better.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading They answered: “Herwic brings her, his own, again to her land.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading [1564] She asked: “Still lives my daughter, and all her maiden band?”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [1564] She asked: “Still lives my daughter, and all her maiden band?”

answeredverbUS /ˈænsərd/

past form of “answer” — react verbally

From this reading They answered: “Herwic brings her, his own, again to her land.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Ortrun, too, they are bringing, and Hartmut, her brother; these in bonds they fetter.”

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading [1564] She asked: “Still lives my daughter, and all her maiden band?”

bandnounUS /bænd/

an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading [1564] She asked: “Still lives my daughter, and all her maiden band?”

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

befallenverbUS /bəˈfɑːlən/

inflected form of “befall” — become of; happen to

From this reading Ne’er to so brave a warrior it hath befallen better.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Ne’er to so brave a warrior it hath befallen better.

bondsnounUS /bɑːndz/

plural of “bond” — an electrical force linking atoms

From this reading Ortrun, too, they are bringing, and Hartmut, her brother; these in bonds they fetter.”

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading Ne’er to so brave a warrior it hath befallen better.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

bringingnounUS /ˈbrɪŋɪŋ/

the act of delivering or distributing something (as goods or mail)

From this reading Ortrun, too, they are bringing, and Hartmut, her brother; these in bonds they fetter.”

bringsverbUS /brɪŋz/

third-person singular of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading They answered: “Herwic brings her, his own, again to her land.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Ortrun, too, they are bringing, and Hartmut, her brother; these in bonds they fetter.”

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

cumbered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading [1564] She asked: “Still lives my daughter, and all her maiden band?”

fetternounUS /ˈfetər/

a shackle for the ankles or feet

From this reading Ortrun, too, they are bringing, and Hartmut, her brother; these in bonds they fetter.”

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

Hartmut

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ortrun, too, they are bringing, and Hartmut, her brother; these in bonds they fetter.”

hathauxiliary verbUS /hæθ/

an old form of “has”

From this reading Ne’er to so brave a warrior it hath befallen better.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading [1564] She asked: “Still lives my daughter, and all her maiden band?”

Herwic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They answered: “Herwic brings her, his own, again to her land.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading They answered: “Herwic brings her, his own, again to her land.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Ortrun, too, they are bringing, and Hartmut, her brother; these in bonds they fetter.”

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Ne’er to so brave a warrior it hath befallen better.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading They answered: “Herwic brings her, his own, again to her land.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading [1564] She asked: “Still lives my daughter, and all her maiden band?”

maidennounUS /ˈmeɪdən/

an unmarried girl (especially a virgin)

From this reading [1564] She asked: “Still lives my daughter, and all her maiden band?”

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading [1564] She asked: “Still lives my daughter, and all her maiden band?”

Ne'eradverbUS /ner/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Ne’er to so brave a warrior it hath befallen better.

Ortrun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ortrun, too, they are bringing, and Hartmut, her brother; these in bonds they fetter.”

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading They answered: “Herwic brings her, his own, again to her land.

queennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

sadnessnounUS /ˈsædnəs/

emotions experienced when not in a state of well-being

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading [1564] She asked: “Still lives my daughter, and all her maiden band?”

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Ne’er to so brave a warrior it hath befallen better.

StilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading [1564] She asked: “Still lives my daughter, and all her maiden band?”

talenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Ortrun, too, they are bringing, and Hartmut, her brother; these in bonds they fetter.”

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They answered: “Herwic brings her, his own, again to her land.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They answered: “Herwic brings her, his own, again to her land.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Ortrun, too, they are bringing, and Hartmut, her brother; these in bonds they fetter.”

warriornounUS /ˈwɔːriər/

someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading Ne’er to so brave a warrior it hath befallen better.

well-bredadjective

of good upbringing

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading [1565] “A happy tale you bring me,” said then the well-bred queen; “My life with care and sadness by them hath cumbered been.

Chapter 12 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic by Mary Pickering [Translator] Nichols holds 289 sentences, grouped into 58 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic contain?

Chapter 12 holds 289 sentences of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic, unabridged, divided into 58 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic by Mary Pickering [Translator] Nichols exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 289 sentences, grouped into 58 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic?

Work through the 58 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 58 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic

Common questions about reading Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic by Mary Pickering [Translator] Nichols on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic?

Yes. All 3513 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #46109 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #46109, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic take to read?

About 292 minutes of reading across 703 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic section by section

How to work through Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic

Words and structures a reader meets early in Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Boston
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Houghton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mifflin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Gudrun: A Mediaeval Epic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.