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Half Past Alligator
Half Past Alligator

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Half Past Alligator is here in full — 438 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Half Past Alligator
Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It takes sportsmanship to make a ball team ... and foul play to get a backward race civilized!
Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.
With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.
This was bad, because Reed was a fifty-fifty player: It was an even chance whether he got the ball or the ball got him.
One of the half-domesticated thrags broke loose and cantered across the outfield with its peculiar five-legged gait.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Half Past Alligator

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Half Past Alligator is here in full — 438 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It takes sportsmanship to make a ball team ... and foul play to get a backward race civilized!
/ɪt teɪks ˈspɔːrtsmənʃɪp tuː meɪk ə bɔːl tiːm ənd faʊl pleɪ tuː ɡet ə ˈbækwərd reɪs ˈsɪvəlaɪzd/
Line 2
Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.
Line 3
With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.
Line 4
This was bad, because Reed was a fifty-fifty player: It was an even chance whether he got the ball or the ball got him.
Line 5
One of the half-domesticated thrags broke loose and cantered across the outfield with its peculiar five-legged gait.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bradley noun US /ˈbrædli/

United States politician who was elected the first black mayor of Los Angeles (1917-1998)

From this reading “Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.”

grins noun US /ɡrɪnz/

plural of “grin” — a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth; usually shows pleasure or amusement

From this reading “With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.”

outfield noun US /ˈaʊtfiːld/

the area of a baseball playing field beyond the lines connecting the bases

From this reading “One of the half-domesticated thrags broke loose and cantered across the outfield with its peculiar five-legged gait.”

piebald adjective US /ˈpaɪbɔːld/

having sections or patches colored differently and usually brightly

From this reading “With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.”

Reed noun US /riːd/

tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites

From this reading “With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.”

shooed verb US /ʃuːd/

past form of “shoo” — drive away by crying “shoo!”

From this reading “Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.”

sportsmanship noun US /ˈspɔːrtsmənʃɪp/

fairness in following the rules of the game

From this reading “It takes sportsmanship to make a ball team ... and foul play to get a backward race civilized!”

surged verb US /sɜːrdʒd/

past form of “surge” — rise and move, as in waves or billows

From this reading “Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

broad grins adjective + noun counted as “broad grin”

In this reading “With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.”

wrong direction adjective + noun

In this reading “With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.”

surged over verb + particle counted as “surge over”

In this reading “Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It takes sportsmanship to make a ball team ... and foul play to get a backward race civilized!

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading One of the half-domesticated thrags broke loose and cantered across the outfield with its peculiar five-legged gait.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This was bad, because Reed was a fifty-fifty player: It was an even chance whether he got the ball or the ball got him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It takes sportsmanship to make a ball team ... and foul play to get a backward race civilized!

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.

backwardadverbUS /ˈbækwərd/

at or to or toward the back or rear

From this reading It takes sportsmanship to make a ball team ... and foul play to get a backward race civilized!

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading This was bad, because Reed was a fifty-fifty player: It was an even chance whether he got the ball or the ball got him.

ballnounUS /bɔːl/

round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games

From this reading It takes sportsmanship to make a ball team ... and foul play to get a backward race civilized!

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading This was bad, because Reed was a fifty-fifty player: It was an even chance whether he got the ball or the ball got him.

BillnounUS /bɪl/

a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.

BradleynounUS /ˈbrædli/

United States politician who was elected the first black mayor of Los Angeles (1917-1998)

From this reading Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading One of the half-domesticated thrags broke loose and cantered across the outfield with its peculiar five-legged gait.

cantered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the half-domesticated thrags broke loose and cantered across the outfield with its peculiar five-legged gait.

chancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading This was bad, because Reed was a fifty-fifty player: It was an even chance whether he got the ball or the ball got him.

civilizedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəlaɪzd/

having a high state of culture and development both social and technological

From this reading It takes sportsmanship to make a ball team ... and foul play to get a backward race civilized!

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading This was bad, because Reed was a fifty-fifty player: It was an even chance whether he got the ball or the ball got him.

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

fifty-fiftyadjective

equal in degree or extent or amount; or equally matched or balanced

From this reading This was bad, because Reed was a fifty-fifty player: It was an even chance whether he got the ball or the ball got him.

first-base

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.

five-legged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the half-domesticated thrags broke loose and cantered across the outfield with its peculiar five-legged gait.

flatadjectiveUS /flæt/

having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

fouladjectiveUS /faʊl/

highly offensive; arousing aversion or disgust

From this reading It takes sportsmanship to make a ball team ... and foul play to get a backward race civilized!

gaitnounUS /ɡeɪt/

the rate of moving (especially walking or running)

From this reading One of the half-domesticated thrags broke loose and cantered across the outfield with its peculiar five-legged gait.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading It takes sportsmanship to make a ball team ... and foul play to get a backward race civilized!

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading This was bad, because Reed was a fifty-fifty player: It was an even chance whether he got the ball or the ball got him.

grinsnounUS /ɡrɪnz/

plural of “grin” — a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth; usually shows pleasure or amusement

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.

half-domesticated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the half-domesticated thrags broke loose and cantered across the outfield with its peculiar five-legged gait.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading This was bad, because Reed was a fifty-fifty player: It was an even chance whether he got the ball or the ball got him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading This was bad, because Reed was a fifty-fifty player: It was an even chance whether he got the ball or the ball got him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It takes sportsmanship to make a ball team ... and foul play to get a backward race civilized!

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading One of the half-domesticated thrags broke loose and cantered across the outfield with its peculiar five-legged gait.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading One of the half-domesticated thrags broke loose and cantered across the outfield with its peculiar five-legged gait.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading It takes sportsmanship to make a ball team ... and foul play to get a backward race civilized!

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One of the half-domesticated thrags broke loose and cantered across the outfield with its peculiar five-legged gait.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading This was bad, because Reed was a fifty-fifty player: It was an even chance whether he got the ball or the ball got him.

outfieldnounUS /ˈaʊtfiːld/

the area of a baseball playing field beyond the lines connecting the bases

From this reading One of the half-domesticated thrags broke loose and cantered across the outfield with its peculiar five-legged gait.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.

PatverbUS /pæt/

pat or squeeze fondly or playfully, especially under the chin

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading One of the half-domesticated thrags broke loose and cantered across the outfield with its peculiar five-legged gait.

piebaldadjectiveUS /ˈpaɪbɔːld/

having sections or patches colored differently and usually brightly

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading It takes sportsmanship to make a ball team ... and foul play to get a backward race civilized!

playernounUS /ˈpleɪər/

a person who participates in or is skilled at some game

From this reading This was bad, because Reed was a fifty-fifty player: It was an even chance whether he got the ball or the ball got him.

playingnounUS /ˈpleɪɪŋ/

the act of playing a musical instrument

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

Quxas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading It takes sportsmanship to make a ball team ... and foul play to get a backward race civilized!

ReednounUS /riːd/

tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

semicirclenoun

a plane figure with the shape of half a circle

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

shooedverbUS /ʃuːd/

past form of “shoo” — drive away by crying “shoo!”

From this reading Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.

smilingnounUS /ˈsmaɪlɪŋ/

a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth; usually shows pleasure or amusement

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

sportsmanshipnounUS /ˈspɔːrtsmənʃɪp/

fairness in following the rules of the game

From this reading It takes sportsmanship to make a ball team ... and foul play to get a backward race civilized!

squatted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

surgedverbUS /sɜːrdʒd/

past form of “surge” — rise and move, as in waves or billows

From this reading Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.

takesnounUS /teɪks/

plural of “take” — the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property

From this reading It takes sportsmanship to make a ball team ... and foul play to get a backward race civilized!

teamnounUS /tiːm/

a cooperative unit (especially in sports)

From this reading It takes sportsmanship to make a ball team ... and foul play to get a backward race civilized!

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Bill Bradley shooed away the group of Quxas that had surged over the first-base line.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was bad, because Reed was a fifty-fifty player: It was an even chance whether he got the ball or the ball got him.

thrags

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the half-domesticated thrags broke loose and cantered across the outfield with its peculiar five-legged gait.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It takes sportsmanship to make a ball team ... and foul play to get a backward race civilized!

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading This was bad, because Reed was a fifty-fifty player: It was an even chance whether he got the ball or the ball got him.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

wrongadjectiveUS /rɔːŋ/

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading With broad grins on their flat, piebald faces, they moved away--in the wrong direction, of course--and squatted in a smiling semicircle around Pat Reed, who was playing third.

Chapter 1 of Half Past Alligator by Donald Colvin holds 438 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Half Past Alligator contain?

Chapter 1 holds 438 sentences of Half Past Alligator, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Half Past Alligator by Donald Colvin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 438 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Half Past Alligator?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Half Past Alligator

Common questions about reading Half Past Alligator by Donald Colvin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Half Past Alligator?

Yes. All 438 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50889 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Half Past Alligator is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50889, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Half Past Alligator take to read?

About 36 minutes of reading across 88 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Half Past Alligator section by section

How to work through Half Past Alligator section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of Half Past Alligator to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Half Past Alligator

Words and structures a reader meets early in Half Past Alligator, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Takes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Half Past Alligator; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sportsmanship
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Half Past Alligator; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Backward
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Half Past Alligator; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Civilized
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Half Past Alligator; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.