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Halleck's New English Literature
Halleck's New English Literature

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Halleck's New English Literature is here in full — 615 sentences across 123 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.
The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.
They settled in France in the ninth century, married French wives, and adopted the French language.
In 1066 their leader, Duke William, and his army crossed the English Channel and won the battle of Hastings, in which Harold, the last Anglo-Saxon king, was killed.
William thus became king of England.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Halleck's New English Literature

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Halleck's New English Literature is here in full — 615 sentences across 123 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/123 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.
Line 2
The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.
Line 3
They settled in France in the ninth century, married French wives, and adopted the French language.
/ðeɪ ˈsetəld ɪn fræns ɪn ðə naɪnθ ˈsentʃəri ˈmerid frentʃ waɪvz ənd əˈdɑːptɪd ðə frentʃ ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/
Line 4
In 1066 their leader, Duke William, and his army crossed the English Channel and won the battle of Hastings, in which Harold, the last Anglo-Saxon king, was killed.
Line 5
William thus became king of England.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Conqueror noun US /ˈkɑːŋkərər/

someone who is victorious by force of arms

From this reading “The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.”

Conquest noun US /ˈkɑːŋkwest/

the act of conquering

From this reading “The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.”

extraction noun US /ekˈstrækʃən/

the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means

From this reading “The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.”

Hastings noun US /ˈheɪstɪŋz/

United States architect who formed and important architectural firm with John Merven Carrere (1860-1929)

From this reading “In 1066 their leader, Duke William, and his army crossed the English Channel and won the battle of Hastings, in which Harold, the last Anglo-Saxon king, was killed.”

ninth noun US /naɪnθ/

position nine in a countable series of things

From this reading “They settled in France in the ninth century, married French wives, and adopted the French language.”

Norsemen noun US /ˈnɔːrsmɪn/

plural of “norseman” — a native or inhabitant of Norway

From this reading “The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.”

originally adverb US /ərˈɪdʒənəli/

in an original manner

From this reading “The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.”

overthrow noun US /ˈoʊvərθroʊ/

the termination of a ruler or institution (especially by force)

From this reading “The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1066

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

adoptedadjectiveUS /əˈdɑːptɪd/

acquired as your own by free choice

From this reading They settled in France in the ninth century, married French wives, and adopted the French language.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They settled in France in the ninth century, married French wives, and adopted the French language.

Anglo-Saxonnoun

a native or inhabitant of England prior to the Norman Conquest

From this reading In 1066 their leader, Duke William, and his army crossed the English Channel and won the battle of Hastings, in which Harold, the last Anglo-Saxon king, was killed.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading In 1066 their leader, Duke William, and his army crossed the English Channel and won the battle of Hastings, in which Harold, the last Anglo-Saxon king, was killed.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading In 1066 their leader, Duke William, and his army crossed the English Channel and won the battle of Hastings, in which Harold, the last Anglo-Saxon king, was killed.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading William thus became king of England.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading They settled in France in the ninth century, married French wives, and adopted the French language.

ChannelnounUS /ˈtʃænəl/

a path over which electrical signals can pass

From this reading In 1066 their leader, Duke William, and his army crossed the English Channel and won the battle of Hastings, in which Harold, the last Anglo-Saxon king, was killed.

ConquerornounUS /ˈkɑːŋkərər/

someone who is victorious by force of arms

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

ConquestnounUS /ˈkɑːŋkwest/

the act of conquering

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading In 1066 their leader, Duke William, and his army crossed the English Channel and won the battle of Hastings, in which Harold, the last Anglo-Saxon king, was killed.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading In 1066 their leader, Duke William, and his army crossed the English Channel and won the battle of Hastings, in which Harold, the last Anglo-Saxon king, was killed.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

eventnounUS /ɪˈvent/

something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

extractionnounUS /ekˈstrækʃən/

the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading They settled in France in the ninth century, married French wives, and adopted the French language.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading They settled in France in the ninth century, married French wives, and adopted the French language.

Harold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1066 their leader, Duke William, and his army crossed the English Channel and won the battle of Hastings, in which Harold, the last Anglo-Saxon king, was killed.

HastingsnounUS /ˈheɪstɪŋz/

United States architect who formed and important architectural firm with John Merven Carrere (1860-1929)

From this reading In 1066 their leader, Duke William, and his army crossed the English Channel and won the battle of Hastings, in which Harold, the last Anglo-Saxon king, was killed.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In 1066 their leader, Duke William, and his army crossed the English Channel and won the battle of Hastings, in which Harold, the last Anglo-Saxon king, was killed.

importancenounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

the quality of being important and worthy of note

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading In 1066 their leader, Duke William, and his army crossed the English Channel and won the battle of Hastings, in which Harold, the last Anglo-Saxon king, was killed.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading In 1066 their leader, Duke William, and his army crossed the English Channel and won the battle of Hastings, in which Harold, the last Anglo-Saxon king, was killed.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading They settled in France in the ninth century, married French wives, and adopted the French language.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading In 1066 their leader, Duke William, and his army crossed the English Channel and won the battle of Hastings, in which Harold, the last Anglo-Saxon king, was killed.

leadernounUS /ˈliːdər/

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

From this reading In 1066 their leader, Duke William, and his army crossed the English Channel and won the battle of Hastings, in which Harold, the last Anglo-Saxon king, was killed.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading They settled in France in the ninth century, married French wives, and adopted the French language.

ninthnounUS /naɪnθ/

position nine in a countable series of things

From this reading They settled in France in the ninth century, married French wives, and adopted the French language.

NormannounUS /ˈnɔːrmən/

United States operatic soprano (born in 1945)

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

Normans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

NorsemennounUS /ˈnɔːrsmɪn/

plural of “norseman” — a native or inhabitant of Norway

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

northernadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

Northmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

originallyadverbUS /ərˈɪdʒənəli/

in an original manner

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

overthrownounUS /ˈoʊvərθroʊ/

the termination of a ruler or institution (especially by force)

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

SaxonnounUS /ˈsæksən/

a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons; dominant in England until the Norman Conquest

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

settledadjectiveUS /ˈsetəld/

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading They settled in France in the ninth century, married French wives, and adopted the French language.

showsnounUS /ʃoʊz/

plural of “show” — the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

termnounUS /tɜːrm/

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading William thus became king of England.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The Normans (Norsemen or Northmen), as they were called, a term which shows their northern extraction, were originally of the same blood as the English race.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Norman Conquest.--The overthrow of the Saxon rule in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 was an event of vast importance to English literature.

wivesnounUS /waɪvz/

plural of “wife” — a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading They settled in France in the ninth century, married French wives, and adopted the French language.

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading In 1066 their leader, Duke William, and his army crossed the English Channel and won the battle of Hastings, in which Harold, the last Anglo-Saxon king, was killed.

Chapter 2 of Halleck's New English Literature by Reuben Post Halleck holds 615 sentences, grouped into 123 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Halleck's New English Literature contain?

Chapter 2 holds 615 sentences of Halleck's New English Literature, unabridged, divided into 123 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Halleck's New English Literature by Reuben Post Halleck exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 615 sentences, grouped into 123 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Halleck's New English Literature?

Work through the 123 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 123 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Halleck's New English Literature

Common questions about reading Halleck's New English Literature by Reuben Post Halleck on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Halleck's New English Literature?

Yes. All 7893 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #10631 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Halleck's New English Literature is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #10631, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Halleck's New English Literature take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1579 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Halleck's New English Literature section by section

How to work through Halleck's New English Literature section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Halleck's New English Literature to begin.

  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Halleck's New English Literature

Words and structures a reader meets early in Halleck's New English Literature, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Subject
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Halleck's New English Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Matter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Halleck's New English Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Halleck's New English Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Halleck's New English Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.