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Hannibal's daughter
Hannibal's daughter

Chapter IV · Elissa

Chapter IV of Hannibal's daughter, “Elissa,” is here in full — 251 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Hannibal's daughter
Context Illustration Reading 1/50 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
All the lower parts of Spain had been conquered and settled.
Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.
Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.
In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.
The borders of the pond were fringed with marble slabs, and white marble steps led down into the basin for bathing purposes.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Hannibal's daughter

Chapter IV · Elissa

Chapter IV of Hannibal's daughter, “Elissa,” is here in full — 251 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/50 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
All the lower parts of Spain had been conquered and settled.
/ɔːl ðə ˈloʊər pɑːrts ʌv speɪn hæd bɪn ˈkɑːŋkərd ənd ˈsetəld/
Line 2
Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.
Line 3
Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.
Line 4
In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.
Line 5
The borders of the pond were fringed with marble slabs, and white marble steps led down into the basin for bathing purposes.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Carthage noun US /ˈkɑːrθədʒ/

an ancient city state on the north African coast near modern Tunis; founded by Phoenicians; destroyed and rebuilt by Romans; razed by Arabs in 697

From this reading “Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.”

Hannibal noun US /ˈhænɪbəl/

general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War; crossed the Alps and defeated the Romans but was recalled to defend Carthage and was defeated (247-182 BC)

From this reading “Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.”

Iberia noun US /aɪˈbɪriə/

an ancient geographical region to the south of the Caucasus Mountains that corresponded approximately to the present-day Georgia

From this reading “Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.”

matrons noun US /ˈmeɪtrənz/

plural of “matron” — a married woman (usually middle-aged with children) who is staid and dignified

From this reading “In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.”

nobly adverb US /ˈnɑːbli/

in a noble manner

From this reading “Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.”

regal adjective US /ˈriːɡəl/

belonging to or befitting a supreme ruler

From this reading “Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.”

slabs noun US /slæbz/

plural of “slab” — block consisting of a thick piece of something

From this reading “The borders of the pond were fringed with marble slabs, and white marble steps led down into the basin for bathing purposes.”

undisputed adjective US /ˌʌndɪsˈpjuːtɪd/

generally agreed upon; not subject to dispute

From this reading “Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

marble slabs noun + noun counted as “marble slab”

In this reading “The borders of the pond were fringed with marble slabs, and white marble steps led down into the basin for bathing purposes.”

marble steps noun + noun

In this reading “The borders of the pond were fringed with marble slabs, and white marble steps led down into the basin for bathing purposes.”

white marble noun + noun

In this reading “The borders of the pond were fringed with marble slabs, and white marble steps led down into the basin for bathing purposes.”

lower parts verb + noun

In this reading “All the lower parts of Spain had been conquered and settled.”

spreading tree noun + noun

In this reading “In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.”

throughout the length preposition + article + noun counted as “throughout … length”

In this reading “Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.”

young matrons adjective + noun counted as “young matron”

In this reading “In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.”

under a spreading preposition + article + noun counted as “under … spreading”

In this reading “In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All the lower parts of Spain had been conquered and settled.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading All the lower parts of Spain had been conquered and settled.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.

assembledverbUS /əˈsembəld/

past form of “assemble” — create by putting components or members together

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

basinnounUS /ˈbeɪsən/

a bowl-shaped vessel; usually used for holding food or liquids

From this reading The borders of the pond were fringed with marble slabs, and white marble steps led down into the basin for bathing purposes.

bathingnounUS /ˈbeɪðɪŋ/

immersing the body in water or sunshine

From this reading The borders of the pond were fringed with marble slabs, and white marble steps led down into the basin for bathing purposes.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading All the lower parts of Spain had been conquered and settled.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

bordersnounUS /ˈbɔːrdərz/

plural of “border” — a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading The borders of the pond were fringed with marble slabs, and white marble steps led down into the basin for bathing purposes.

breadthnounUS /bredθ/

the capacity to understand a broad range of topics

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

CarthagenounUS /ˈkɑːrθədʒ/

an ancient city state on the north African coast near modern Tunis; founded by Phoenicians; destroyed and rebuilt by Romans; razed by Arabs in 697

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

Carthagena

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

conqueredverbUS /ˈkɑːŋkərd/

past form of “conquer” — bring under control by force or authority

From this reading All the lower parts of Spain had been conquered and settled.

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

delightfuladjectiveUS /dɪˈlaɪtfəl/

greatly pleasing or entertaining

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The borders of the pond were fringed with marble slabs, and white marble steps led down into the basin for bathing purposes.

enjoyingverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

fishnounUS /fɪʃ/

any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

fishesnounUS /ˈfɪʃəz/

plural of “fish” — any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

fringedadjective

surrounded as with a border or fringe; sometimes used in combination

From this reading The borders of the pond were fringed with marble slabs, and white marble steps led down into the basin for bathing purposes.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

girlsnounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

gracefuladjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪsfəl/

characterized by beauty of movement, style, form, or execution

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading All the lower parts of Spain had been conquered and settled.

Hamilcar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.

Hamilcar's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

HannibalnounUS /ˈhænɪbəl/

general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War; crossed the Alps and defeated the Romans but was recalled to defend Carthage and was defeated (247-182 BC)

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

Hasdrubalnoun

general who commanded a Carthaginian army in Spain; joined his brother Hannibal in Italy and was killed by the Romans at the battle of Metaurus River (died 207 BC)

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.

IberianounUS /aɪˈbɪriə/

an ancient geographical region to the south of the Caucasus Mountains that corresponded approximately to the present-day Georgia

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The borders of the pond were fringed with marble slabs, and white marble steps led down into the basin for bathing purposes.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading The borders of the pond were fringed with marble slabs, and white marble steps led down into the basin for bathing purposes.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading All the lower parts of Spain had been conquered and settled.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

marblenounUS /ˈmɑːrbəl/

a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

matronsnounUS /ˈmeɪtrənz/

plural of “matron” — a married woman (usually middle-aged with children) who is staid and dignified

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.

noblyadverbUS /ˈnɑːbli/

in a noble manner

From this reading Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading All the lower parts of Spain had been conquered and settled.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading All the lower parts of Spain had been conquered and settled.

pondnounUS /pɑːnd/

a small lake

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

primeadjectiveUS /praɪm/

first in rank or degree

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading The borders of the pond were fringed with marble slabs, and white marble steps led down into the basin for bathing purposes.

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.

rearedverbUS /rɪrd/

past form of “rear” — stand up on the hind legs, of quadrupeds

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

regaladjectiveUS /ˈriːɡəl/

belonging to or befitting a supreme ruler

From this reading Hamilcar had died, as he had lived, fighting nobly, after enjoying almost regal rank in his new country.

settledadjectiveUS /ˈsetəld/

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading All the lower parts of Spain had been conquered and settled.

shadenounUS /ʃeɪd/

relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

silvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

slabsnounUS /slæbz/

plural of “slab” — block consisting of a thick piece of something

From this reading The borders of the pond were fringed with marble slabs, and white marble steps led down into the basin for bathing purposes.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading All the lower parts of Spain had been conquered and settled.

spreadingnounUS /ˈspredɪŋ/

process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

statelyadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtli/

impressive in appearance

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

stepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading The borders of the pond were fringed with marble slabs, and white marble steps led down into the basin for bathing purposes.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

swayverbUS /sweɪ/

move back and forth or sideways

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

talentsnounUS /ˈtælənts/

plural of “talent” — natural abilities or qualities

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading All the lower parts of Spain had been conquered and settled.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

undisputedadjectiveUS /ˌʌndɪsˈpjuːtɪd/

generally agreed upon; not subject to dispute

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading The borders of the pond were fringed with marble slabs, and white marble steps led down into the basin for bathing purposes.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading In the delightful garden of a stately building reared upon a hill within the walls of the city of Carthagena or New Carthage, a group of girls and young matrons were assembled under a spreading tree, just beyond whose shade was situated a marble fish pond, filled with graceful gold and silver fishes.

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Hasdrubal, who had succeeded him, was also dead, and now Hannibal, Hamilcar’s son, a man in the young prime of life, held undisputed sway throughout the length and breadth of the many countries of Iberia that his father’s arms and his father’s talents had won for Carthage.

Chapter 4 of Hannibal's daughter by Andrew Haggard holds 251 sentences, grouped into 51 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Hannibal's daughter contain?

Chapter 4 holds 251 sentences of Hannibal's daughter, unabridged, divided into 51 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Hannibal's daughter by Andrew Haggard exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 251 sentences, grouped into 51 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 51 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 51 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Hannibal's daughter

Words and structures a reader meets early in Hannibal's daughter, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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