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Hans of Iceland, Vol. 2 of 2
Hans of Iceland, Vol. 2 of 2

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Hans of Iceland, Vol. 2 of 2 is here in full — 429 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The black cart brought me here to this hideous Bicêtre Prison.
Seen from afar, the appearance of that edifice is rather majestic.
It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.
But as you approach it, the Palace changes to a ruin, and the dilapidated gables shock the sight.
There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Hans of Iceland, Vol. 2 of 2

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Hans of Iceland, Vol. 2 of 2 is here in full — 429 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The black cart brought me here to this hideous Bicêtre Prison.
Line 2
Seen from afar, the appearance of that edifice is rather majestic.
/siːn frʌm əˈfɑːr ðə əˈpɪrəns ʌv ðæt ˈedəfəs ɪz ˈræðər məˈdʒestɪk/
Line 3
It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.
Line 4
But as you approach it, the Palace changes to a ruin, and the dilapidated gables shock the sight.
/bʌt æz juː əˈproʊtʃ ɪt ðə ˈpæləs ˈtʃeɪndʒəz tuː ə ˈruːən ənd ðə dəˈlæpədeɪtɪd ˈɡeɪbəlz ʃɑːk ðə saɪt/
Line 5
There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dilapidated adjective US /dəˈlæpədeɪtɪd/

in deplorable condition

From this reading “But as you approach it, the Palace changes to a ruin, and the dilapidated gables shock the sight.”

edifice noun US /ˈedəfəs/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading “Seen from afar, the appearance of that edifice is rather majestic.”

felon noun US /ˈfelən/

someone who has committed a crime or has been legally convicted of a crime

From this reading “There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.”

gables noun US /ˈɡeɪbəlz/

plural of “gable” — the vertical triangular wall between the sloping ends of gable roof

From this reading “But as you approach it, the Palace changes to a ruin, and the dilapidated gables shock the sight.”

madman noun US /ˈmædmæn/

an insane person

From this reading “There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.”

retains verb US /rɪˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “retain” — hold back within

From this reading “It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.”

shutters noun US /ˈʃʌtərz/

plural of “shutter” — a mechanical device on a camera that opens and closes to control the time of a photographic exposure

From this reading “There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.”

spreads noun US /spredz/

plural of “spread” — process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

From this reading “It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Royal Palace adjective + noun

In this reading “It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.”

from afar preposition + adverb

In this reading “Seen from afar, the appearance of that edifice is rather majestic.”

ghastly face adjective + noun

In this reading “There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.”

in front preposition + noun

at or in the front

In this reading “It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.”

at a distance preposition + article + noun counted as “at … distance”

In this reading “It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.

afaradverbUS /əˈfɑːr/

(old-fashioned) at or from or to a great distance; far

From this reading Seen from afar, the appearance of that edifice is rather majestic.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading Seen from afar, the appearance of that edifice is rather majestic.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading But as you approach it, the Palace changes to a ruin, and the dilapidated gables shock the sight.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But as you approach it, the Palace changes to a ruin, and the dilapidated gables shock the sight.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.

Bicêtre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The black cart brought me here to this hideous Bicêtre Prison.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading The black cart brought me here to this hideous Bicêtre Prison.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading The black cart brought me here to this hideous Bicêtre Prison.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But as you approach it, the Palace changes to a ruin, and the dilapidated gables shock the sight.

cartnounUS /kɑːrt/

a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal

From this reading The black cart brought me here to this hideous Bicêtre Prison.

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading But as you approach it, the Palace changes to a ruin, and the dilapidated gables shock the sight.

crossed-bars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

dilapidatedadjectiveUS /dəˈlæpədeɪtɪd/

in deplorable condition

From this reading But as you approach it, the Palace changes to a ruin, and the dilapidated gables shock the sight.

disgraceverbUS /dɪsˈɡreɪs/

bring shame or dishonor upon

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.

edificenounUS /ˈedəfəs/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading Seen from afar, the appearance of that edifice is rather majestic.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

façades

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

felonnounUS /ˈfelən/

someone who has committed a crime or has been legally convicted of a crime

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Seen from afar, the appearance of that edifice is rather majestic.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.

gablesnounUS /ˈɡeɪbəlz/

plural of “gable” — the vertical triangular wall between the sloping ends of gable roof

From this reading But as you approach it, the Palace changes to a ruin, and the dilapidated gables shock the sight.

ghastlyadjectiveUS /ˈɡæstli/

shockingly repellent; inspiring horror

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

glassnounUS /ɡlæs/

a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading The black cart brought me here to this hideous Bicêtre Prison.

hideousadjectiveUS /ˈhɪdiəs/

grossly offensive to decency or morality; causing horror

From this reading The black cart brought me here to this hideous Bicêtre Prison.

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.

horizonnounUS /hərˈaɪzən/

the line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet

From this reading It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Seen from afar, the appearance of that edifice is rather majestic.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.

madmannounUS /ˈmædmæn/

an insane person

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

majesticadjectiveUS /məˈdʒestɪk/

majestic in manner or bearing; superior to mundane matters

From this reading Seen from afar, the appearance of that edifice is rather majestic.

massiveadjectiveUS /ˈmæsɪv/

imposing in size or bulk or solidity

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The black cart brought me here to this hideous Bicêtre Prison.

mixturenounUS /ˈmɪkstʃər/

(chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding)

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Seen from afar, the appearance of that edifice is rather majestic.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

PalacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.

povertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

pressedadjectiveUS /prest/

compacted by ironing

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

PrisonnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading The black cart brought me here to this hideous Bicêtre Prison.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Seen from afar, the appearance of that edifice is rather majestic.

retainsverbUS /rɪˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “retain” — hold back within

From this reading It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.

RoyaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.

ruinnounUS /ˈruːən/

an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading But as you approach it, the Palace changes to a ruin, and the dilapidated gables shock the sight.

SeenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Seen from afar, the appearance of that edifice is rather majestic.

shocknounUS /ʃɑːk/

the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentally

From this reading But as you approach it, the Palace changes to a ruin, and the dilapidated gables shock the sight.

shuttersnounUS /ˈʃʌtərz/

plural of “shutter” — a mechanical device on a camera that opens and closes to control the time of a photographic exposure

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading But as you approach it, the Palace changes to a ruin, and the dilapidated gables shock the sight.

soilingnoun

the act of soiling something

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.

splendournoun

a quality that outshines the usual

From this reading It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.

spreadsnounUS /spredz/

plural of “spread” — process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

From this reading It spreads to the horizon in front of a hill, and at a distance retains something of its ancient splendour,--the look of a Royal Palace.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Seen from afar, the appearance of that edifice is rather majestic.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The black cart brought me here to this hideous Bicêtre Prison.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The black cart brought me here to this hideous Bicêtre Prison.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The black cart brought me here to this hideous Bicêtre Prison.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading There is a mixture of poverty and disgrace soiling its royal façades; without glass or shutters to the windows, but massive crossed-bars of iron instead, against which is pressed, here and there, the ghastly face of a felon or a madman.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading But as you approach it, the Palace changes to a ruin, and the dilapidated gables shock the sight.

Chapter 8 of Hans of Iceland, Vol. 2 of 2 by Victor Hugo holds 429 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Hans of Iceland, Vol. 2 of 2 contain?

Chapter 8 holds 429 sentences of Hans of Iceland, Vol. 2 of 2, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Hans of Iceland, Vol. 2 of 2 by Victor Hugo exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 429 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Hans of Iceland, Vol. 2 of 2?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Hans of Iceland, Vol. 2 of 2

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Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Hans of Iceland, Vol. 2 of 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in Hans of Iceland, Vol. 2 of 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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