Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Hard Cash
Hard Cash

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Hard Cash is here in full — 354 sentences across 71 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Hard Cash
Context Illustration Reading 1/70 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
AFTER a defiance so bitter and deadly, Alfred naturally drew away from his inamorata.
But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.
Come, sir, your arm!”
He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.
He was as much at his ease as if promenading jungles with a panther.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Hard Cash

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Hard Cash is here in full — 354 sentences across 71 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/70 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AFTER a defiance so bitter and deadly, Alfred naturally drew away from his inamorata.
Line 2
But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.
Line 3
Come, sir, your arm!”
/kʌm sɜːr jɔːr ɑːrm/
Line 4
He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.
Line 5
He was as much at his ease as if promenading jungles with a panther.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

averted verb US /əˈvɜːrtɪd/

past form of “avert” — prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening

From this reading “He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.”

boiling noun US /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/

the application of heat to change something from a liquid to a gas

From this reading “But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.”

defiance noun US /dɪˈfaɪəns/

intentionally contemptuous behavior or attitude

From this reading “AFTER a defiance so bitter and deadly, Alfred naturally drew away from his inamorata.”

jungles noun US /ˈdʒʌŋɡəlz/

plural of “jungle” — a location marked by an intense competition and struggle for survival

From this reading “He was as much at his ease as if promenading jungles with a panther.”

panther noun US /ˈpænθər/

a large spotted feline of tropical America similar to the leopard; in some classifications considered a member of the genus Felis

From this reading “He was as much at his ease as if promenading jungles with a panther.”

petty adjective US /ˈpetiː/

inferior in rank or status

From this reading “He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.”

pinch verb US /pɪntʃ/

squeeze tightly between the fingers

From this reading “He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.”

suppressed adjective US /səˈprest/

kept from public knowledge by various means

From this reading “He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading AFTER a defiance so bitter and deadly, Alfred naturally drew away from his inamorata.

AFTERprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading AFTER a defiance so bitter and deadly, Alfred naturally drew away from his inamorata.

AlfrednounUS /ˈælfrəd/

king of Wessex; defeated the Vikings and encouraged writing in English (849-899)

From this reading AFTER a defiance so bitter and deadly, Alfred naturally drew away from his inamorata.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading AFTER a defiance so bitter and deadly, Alfred naturally drew away from his inamorata.

armnounUS /ɑːrm/

a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb

From this reading Come, sir, your arm!”

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He was as much at his ease as if promenading jungles with a panther.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He was as much at his ease as if promenading jungles with a panther.

avertedverbUS /əˈvɜːrtɪd/

past form of “avert” — prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening

From this reading He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading AFTER a defiance so bitter and deadly, Alfred naturally drew away from his inamorata.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading AFTER a defiance so bitter and deadly, Alfred naturally drew away from his inamorata.

bitterlyadverbUS /ˈbɪtərli/

with bitterness; in a resentful manner

From this reading But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.

boilingnounUS /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/

the application of heat to change something from a liquid to a gas

From this reading But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.

ComeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Come, sir, your arm!”

deadlyadjectiveUS /ˈdedli/

causing or capable of causing death

From this reading AFTER a defiance so bitter and deadly, Alfred naturally drew away from his inamorata.

defiancenounUS /dɪˈfaɪəns/

intentionally contemptuous behavior or attitude

From this reading AFTER a defiance so bitter and deadly, Alfred naturally drew away from his inamorata.

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading AFTER a defiance so bitter and deadly, Alfred naturally drew away from his inamorata.

easeverbUS /iːz/

move gently or carefully

From this reading He was as much at his ease as if promenading jungles with a panther.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading AFTER a defiance so bitter and deadly, Alfred naturally drew away from his inamorata.

hatenounUS /heɪt/

the emotion of intense dislike; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action

From this reading But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading AFTER a defiance so bitter and deadly, Alfred naturally drew away from his inamorata.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading He was as much at his ease as if promenading jungles with a panther.

inamoratanoun

a woman with whom you are in love or have an intimate relationship

From this reading AFTER a defiance so bitter and deadly, Alfred naturally drew away from his inamorata.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.

junglesnounUS /ˈdʒʌŋɡəlz/

plural of “jungle” — a location marked by an intense competition and struggle for survival

From this reading He was as much at his ease as if promenading jungles with a panther.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading He was as much at his ease as if promenading jungles with a panther.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading AFTER a defiance so bitter and deadly, Alfred naturally drew away from his inamorata.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.

panthernounUS /ˈpænθər/

a large spotted feline of tropical America similar to the leopard; in some classifications considered a member of the genus Felis

From this reading He was as much at his ease as if promenading jungles with a panther.

pettyadjectiveUS /ˈpetiː/

inferior in rank or status

From this reading He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.

pinchverbUS /pɪntʃ/

squeeze tightly between the fingers

From this reading He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.

promenading

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was as much at his ease as if promenading jungles with a panther.

Rooke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.

secretsnounUS /ˈsiːkrəts/

plural of “secret” — something that should remain hidden from others (especially information that is not to be passed on)

From this reading But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.

sirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Come, sir, your arm!”

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading AFTER a defiance so bitter and deadly, Alfred naturally drew away from his inamorata.

stuckadjectiveUS /stʌk/

caught or fixed

From this reading He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.

suppressedadjectiveUS /səˈprest/

kept from public knowledge by various means

From this reading He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.

ungraciouslyadverb

without grace; rigidly

From this reading He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading He stuck it out ungraciously, and averted his head; she took it, suppressed with difficulty a petty desire to pinch, and so walked by his side.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was as much at his ease as if promenading jungles with a panther.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But she, boiling with love and hate, said bitterly, “We need not take Mr. Rooke into our secrets.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Come, sir, your arm!”

Chapter 31 of Hard Cash by Charles Reade holds 354 sentences, grouped into 71 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Hard Cash contain?

Chapter 31 holds 354 sentences of Hard Cash, unabridged, divided into 71 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Hard Cash by Charles Reade exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 354 sentences, grouped into 71 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Hard Cash?

Work through the 71 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 71 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Hard Cash

Common questions about reading Hard Cash by Charles Reade on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Hard Cash?

Yes. All 14119 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3067 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Hard Cash is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3067, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Hard Cash take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2824 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Hard Cash section by section

How to work through Hard Cash section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Hard Cash to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Hard Cash

Words and structures a reader meets early in Hard Cash, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Bright
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hard Cash; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Julia
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hard Cash; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reclining
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hard Cash; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Parasols
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hard Cash; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.