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Hard Pressed
Hard Pressed

Chapter XL

Chapter 40 of Hard Pressed is here in full — 122 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
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FIRST PAST THE POST Things turned out much as Sir George's lawyer had predicted.
After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.
Of Foster nothing whatever had been heard and it was assumed he had got safely out of the country.
Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.
The bubble was pricked.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Hard Pressed

Chapter XL

Chapter 40 of Hard Pressed is here in full — 122 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FIRST PAST THE POST Things turned out much as Sir George's lawyer had predicted.
/fɜːrst pæst ðə poʊst θɪŋz tɜːrnd aʊt mʌtʃ æz sɜːr ˈdʒɔːrdʒəz ˈlɔːjər hæd prɪˈdɪktɪd/
Line 2
After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.
Line 3
Of Foster nothing whatever had been heard and it was assumed he had got safely out of the country.
/ʌv ˈfɑːstər ˈnʌθɪŋ ˌwʌˈtevər hæd bɪn hɜːrd ənd ɪt wɑːz əˈsuːmd hiː hæd ɡɑːt ˈseɪfli aʊt ʌv ðə ˈkʌntri/
Line 4
Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.
/ˈkɑːpliz ˈtraɪəl wɑːz set daʊn tuː teɪk pleɪs ɪn dʒuːn ənd ɪn ðə ˈmiːntaɪm sʌm ʌv hɪz ˈkredɪtərz hæd meɪd hɪm ə ˈbæŋkrəpt/
Line 5
The bubble was pricked.
/ðə ˈbʌbəl wɑːz prɪkt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adjourned verb US /əˈdʒɜːrnd/

past form of “adjourn” — close at the end of a session

From this reading “After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.”

bankrupt verb US /ˈbæŋkrəpt/

reduce to bankruptcy

From this reading “Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.”

bubble verb US /ˈbʌbəl/

form, produce, or emit bubbles

From this reading “The bubble was pricked.”

Copley noun US /ˈkɑːpli/

American painter who did portraits of Paul Revere and John Hancock before fleeing to England to avoid the American Revolution (1738-1815)

From this reading “After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.”

Copley's noun US /ˈkɑːpliz/

possessive form of “copley” — American painter who did portraits of Paul Revere and John Hancock before fleeing to England to avoid the American Revolution (1738-1815)

From this reading “Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.”

damning adjective US /ˈdæmɪŋ/

threatening with damnation

From this reading “After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.”

hearings noun US /ˈhiːrɪŋz/

plural of “hearing” — (law) a proceeding (usually by a court) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence

From this reading “After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.”

predicted verb US /prɪˈdɪktɪd/

past form of “predict” — make a prediction about; tell in advance

From this reading “FIRST PAST THE POST Things turned out much as Sir George's lawyer had predicted.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

in the meantime preposition + article + noun counted as “in … meantime”

during the intervening time

In this reading “Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.”

take place verb + noun

come to pass

In this reading “Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.”

got safely verb + particle counted as “get safely”

In this reading “Of Foster nothing whatever had been heard and it was assumed he had got safely out of the country.”

set down verb + adjective

put down in writing; of texts, musical compositions, etc.

In this reading “Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.”

safely out adverb + adjective

In this reading “Of Foster nothing whatever had been heard and it was assumed he had got safely out of the country.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.

AaronnounUS /ˈerən/

United States professional baseball player who hit more home runs than Babe Ruth (born in 1934)

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

accusednounUS /əˈkjuːzd/

a defendant in a criminal proceeding

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

adjournedverbUS /əˈdʒɜːrnd/

past form of “adjourn” — close at the end of a session

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading FIRST PAST THE POST Things turned out much as Sir George's lawyer had predicted.

associatesnounUS /əˈsoʊsiəts/

plural of “associate” — a person who joins with others in some activity or endeavor

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

assumedadjectiveUS /əˈsuːmd/

adopted in order to deceive

From this reading Of Foster nothing whatever had been heard and it was assumed he had got safely out of the country.

bankruptverbUS /ˈbæŋkrəpt/

reduce to bankruptcy

From this reading Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Of Foster nothing whatever had been heard and it was assumed he had got safely out of the country.

bubbleverbUS /ˈbʌbəl/

form, produce, or emit bubbles

From this reading The bubble was pricked.

committedadjectiveUS /kəˈmɪtɪd/

bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

CopleynounUS /ˈkɑːpli/

American painter who did portraits of Paul Revere and John Hancock before fleeing to England to avoid the American Revolution (1738-1815)

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

Copley'snounUS /ˈkɑːpliz/

possessive form of “copley” — American painter who did portraits of Paul Revere and John Hancock before fleeing to England to avoid the American Revolution (1738-1815)

From this reading Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Of Foster nothing whatever had been heard and it was assumed he had got safely out of the country.

creditorsnounUS /ˈkredɪtərz/

plural of “creditor” — a person to whom money is owed by a debtor; someone to whom an obligation exists

From this reading Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.

damningadjectiveUS /ˈdæmɪŋ/

threatening with damnation

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.

evidencenounUS /ˈevədəns/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

FIRSTadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading FIRST PAST THE POST Things turned out much as Sir George's lawyer had predicted.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

FosterverbUS /ˈfɑːstər/

promote the growth of

From this reading Of Foster nothing whatever had been heard and it was assumed he had got safely out of the country.

George'snounUS /ˈdʒɔːrdʒəz/

possessive form of “george” — Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading FIRST PAST THE POST Things turned out much as Sir George's lawyer had predicted.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Of Foster nothing whatever had been heard and it was assumed he had got safely out of the country.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading FIRST PAST THE POST Things turned out much as Sir George's lawyer had predicted.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Of Foster nothing whatever had been heard and it was assumed he had got safely out of the country.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Of Foster nothing whatever had been heard and it was assumed he had got safely out of the country.

hearingsnounUS /ˈhiːrɪŋz/

plural of “hearing” — (law) a proceeding (usually by a court) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Of Foster nothing whatever had been heard and it was assumed he had got safely out of the country.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.

lawyernounUS /ˈlɔːjər/

a professional person authorized to practice law; conducts lawsuits or gives legal advice

From this reading FIRST PAST THE POST Things turned out much as Sir George's lawyer had predicted.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.

meantimenounUS /ˈmiːntaɪm/

the time between one event, process, or period and another

From this reading Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading FIRST PAST THE POST Things turned out much as Sir George's lawyer had predicted.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Of Foster nothing whatever had been heard and it was assumed he had got safely out of the country.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading FIRST PAST THE POST Things turned out much as Sir George's lawyer had predicted.

PASTnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading FIRST PAST THE POST Things turned out much as Sir George's lawyer had predicted.

Phillips

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.

POSTverbUS /poʊst/

affix in a public place or for public notice

From this reading FIRST PAST THE POST Things turned out much as Sir George's lawyer had predicted.

predictedverbUS /prɪˈdɪktɪd/

past form of “predict” — make a prediction about; tell in advance

From this reading FIRST PAST THE POST Things turned out much as Sir George's lawyer had predicted.

prickedverbUS /prɪkt/

past form of “prick” — make a small hole into, as with a needle or a thorn

From this reading The bubble was pricked.

safelyadverbUS /ˈseɪfli/

with safety; in a safe manner

From this reading Of Foster nothing whatever had been heard and it was assumed he had got safely out of the country.

satisfactionnounUS /ˌsætəˈsfækʃən/

the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading FIRST PAST THE POST Things turned out much as Sir George's lawyer had predicted.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading FIRST PAST THE POST Things turned out much as Sir George's lawyer had predicted.

ThingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading FIRST PAST THE POST Things turned out much as Sir George's lawyer had predicted.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Copley's trial was set down to take place in June and in the meantime some of his creditors had made him a bankrupt.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

trialnounUS /ˈtraɪəl/

the act of testing something

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading FIRST PAST THE POST Things turned out much as Sir George's lawyer had predicted.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading Of Foster nothing whatever had been heard and it was assumed he had got safely out of the country.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading After several adjourned hearings Copley was committed for trial, together with his associates, and Aaron Phillips had the satisfaction of giving the most damning evidence against the accused.

Chapter 40 of Hard Pressed by Fred M. (Fred Merrick) White holds 122 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 40 of Hard Pressed contain?

Chapter 40 holds 122 sentences of Hard Pressed, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 40 of Hard Pressed by Fred M. (Fred Merrick) White exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 122 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 40 of Hard Pressed?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 40 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 40 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Hard Pressed

Common questions about reading Hard Pressed by Fred M. (Fred Merrick) White on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Hard Pressed?

Yes. All 5056 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33512 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Hard Pressed is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33512, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Hard Pressed take to read?

About 421 minutes of reading across 1012 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Hard Pressed section by section

How to work through Hard Pressed section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Hard Pressed to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Hard Pressed

Words and structures a reader meets early in Hard Pressed, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Crimson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hard Pressed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Blind
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hard Pressed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Corner
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hard Pressed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
House
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hard Pressed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.