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Hard Times
Hard Times

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Hard Times is here in full — 285 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/57 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.
He crossed the street with his eyes bent upon the ground, and thus was walking sorrowfully away, when he felt a touch upon his arm.
It was not the touch he needed most at such a momentthe touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the seayet it was a woman’s hand too.
It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.
She was very cleanly and plainly dressed, had country mud upon her shoes, and was newly come from a journey.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Hard Times

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Hard Times is here in full — 285 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/57 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.
Line 2
He crossed the street with his eyes bent upon the ground, and thus was walking sorrowfully away, when he felt a touch upon his arm.
Line 3
It was not the touch he needed most at such a momentthe touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the seayet it was a woman’s hand too.
Line 4
It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.
/ɪt wɑːz æn oʊld ˈwʊmən tɔːl ənd ˈʃeɪpli stɪl ðoʊ ˈwɪðərd baɪ taɪm ɑːn huːm hɪz aɪz fel wen hiː stɑːpt ənd tɜːrnd/
Line 5
She was very cleanly and plainly dressed, had country mud upon her shoes, and was newly come from a journey.
/ʃiː wɑːz ˈveri ˈkliːnli ənd ˈpleɪnli drest hæd ˈkʌntri mʌd əˈpɑːn hɜːr ʃuːz ənd wɑːz ˈnuːli kʌm frʌm ə ˈdʒɜːrni/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abate verb US /əˈbeɪt/

make less active or intense

From this reading “It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.”

brazen adjective US /ˈbreɪzən/

unrestrained by convention or propriety

From this reading “THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.”

cleanly adverb US /ˈkliːnli/

smoothly and without difficulty; precisely and deftly

From this reading “She was very cleanly and plainly dressed, had country mud upon her shoes, and was newly come from a journey.”

clouded adjective US /ˈklaʊdɪd/

made troubled or apprehensive or distressed in appearance

From this reading “THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.”

polish noun US /ˈpɑːlɪʃ/

the property of being smooth and shiny

From this reading “THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.”

shapely adjective US /ˈʃeɪpli/

having a well-proportioned and pleasing shape

From this reading “It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.”

shutting noun US /ˈʃʌtɪŋ/

the act of closing something

From this reading “THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.”

uplifted adjective US /ˈʌplɪftɪd/

exalted emotionally especially with pride

From this reading “It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

abateverbUS /əˈbeɪt/

make less active or intense

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He crossed the street with his eyes bent upon the ground, and thus was walking sorrowfully away, when he felt a touch upon his arm.

armnounUS /ɑːrm/

a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb

From this reading He crossed the street with his eyes bent upon the ground, and thus was walking sorrowfully away, when he felt a touch upon his arm.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading He crossed the street with his eyes bent upon the ground, and thus was walking sorrowfully away, when he felt a touch upon his arm.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading He crossed the street with his eyes bent upon the ground, and thus was walking sorrowfully away, when he felt a touch upon his arm.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

brazenadjectiveUS /ˈbreɪzən/

unrestrained by convention or propriety

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

calmverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

cleanlyadverbUS /ˈkliːnli/

smoothly and without difficulty; precisely and deftly

From this reading She was very cleanly and plainly dressed, had country mud upon her shoes, and was newly come from a journey.

cloudedadjectiveUS /ˈklaʊdɪd/

made troubled or apprehensive or distressed in appearance

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

coatnounUS /koʊt/

an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading She was very cleanly and plainly dressed, had country mud upon her shoes, and was newly come from a journey.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading She was very cleanly and plainly dressed, had country mud upon her shoes, and was newly come from a journey.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading He crossed the street with his eyes bent upon the ground, and thus was walking sorrowfully away, when he felt a touch upon his arm.

descendedverbUS /dɪˈsendəd/

past form of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

door-plate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading She was very cleanly and plainly dressed, had country mud upon her shoes, and was newly come from a journey.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading He crossed the street with his eyes bent upon the ground, and thus was walking sorrowfully away, when he felt a touch upon his arm.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading He crossed the street with his eyes bent upon the ground, and thus was walking sorrowfully away, when he felt a touch upon his arm.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading She was very cleanly and plainly dressed, had country mud upon her shoes, and was newly come from a journey.

full-stop

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading He crossed the street with his eyes bent upon the ground, and thus was walking sorrowfully away, when he felt a touch upon his arm.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading She was very cleanly and plainly dressed, had country mud upon her shoes, and was newly come from a journey.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading She was very cleanly and plainly dressed, had country mud upon her shoes, and was newly come from a journey.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading She was very cleanly and plainly dressed, had country mud upon her shoes, and was newly come from a journey.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

mudnounUS /mʌd/

water soaked soil; soft wet earth

From this reading She was very cleanly and plainly dressed, had country mud upon her shoes, and was newly come from a journey.

neededadjectiveUS /ˈniːdəd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

newlyadverbUS /ˈnuːli/

very recently

From this reading She was very cleanly and plainly dressed, had country mud upon her shoes, and was newly come from a journey.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

observingadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

quick to notice; showing quick and keen perception

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

OLDadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.

partingnounUS /ˈpɑːrtɪŋ/

the act of departing politely

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

patiencenounUS /ˈpeɪʃəns/

good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

plainlyadverbUS /ˈpleɪnli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading She was very cleanly and plainly dressed, had country mud upon her shoes, and was newly come from a journey.

polishnounUS /ˈpɑːlɪʃ/

the property of being smooth and shiny

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

ragingadjectiveUS /ˈreɪdʒɪŋ/

characterized by violent and forceful activity or movement; very intense

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

shapelyadjectiveUS /ˈʃeɪpli/

having a well-proportioned and pleasing shape

From this reading It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She was very cleanly and plainly dressed, had country mud upon her shoes, and was newly come from a journey.

shoesnounUS /ʃuːz/

a particular situation

From this reading She was very cleanly and plainly dressed, had country mud upon her shoes, and was newly come from a journey.

shuttingnounUS /ˈʃʌtɪŋ/

the act of closing something

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

sleevenounUS /sliːv/

the part of a garment that is attached at the armhole and that provides a cloth covering for the arm

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

sorrowfullyadverb

in a sorrowful manner

From this reading He crossed the street with his eyes bent upon the ground, and thus was walking sorrowfully away, when he felt a touch upon his arm.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

STEPHENnounUS /ˈstiːvən/

English writer (1832-1904)

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

stepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading He crossed the street with his eyes bent upon the ground, and thus was walking sorrowfully away, when he felt a touch upon his arm.

sublimest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading He crossed the street with his eyes bent upon the ground, and thus was walking sorrowfully away, when he felt a touch upon his arm.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

touchverbUS /tʌtʃ/

make physical contact with, come in contact with

From this reading He crossed the street with his eyes bent upon the ground, and thus was walking sorrowfully away, when he felt a touch upon his arm.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

upliftedadjectiveUS /ˈʌplɪftɪd/

exalted emotionally especially with pride

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading He crossed the street with his eyes bent upon the ground, and thus was walking sorrowfully away, when he felt a touch upon his arm.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading She was very cleanly and plainly dressed, had country mud upon her shoes, and was newly come from a journey.

walkingadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/

close enough to be walked to

From this reading He crossed the street with his eyes bent upon the ground, and thus was walking sorrowfully away, when he felt a touch upon his arm.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He crossed the street with his eyes bent upon the ground, and thus was walking sorrowfully away, when he felt a touch upon his arm.

watersnounUS /ˈwɔːtərz/

United States actress and singer (1896-1977)

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He crossed the street with his eyes bent upon the ground, and thus was walking sorrowfully away, when he felt a touch upon his arm.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

witheredadjectiveUS /ˈwɪðərd/

lean and wrinkled by shrinkage as from age or illness

From this reading It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.

WOMANnounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading THE OLD WOMAN OLD STEPHEN descended the two white steps, shutting the black door with the brazen door-plate, by the aid of the brazen full-stop, to which he gave a parting polish with the sleeve of his coat, observing that his hot hand clouded it.

woman'snounUS /ˈwʊmənz/

possessive form of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading It was not the touch he needed most at such a moment—the touch that could calm the wild waters of his soul, as the uplifted hand of the sublimest love and patience could abate the raging of the sea—yet it was a woman’s hand too.

Chapter 7 of Hard Times by Charles Dickens holds 285 sentences, grouped into 57 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Hard Times contain?

Chapter 7 holds 285 sentences of Hard Times, unabridged, divided into 57 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Hard Times by Charles Dickens exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 285 sentences, grouped into 57 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Hard Times?

Work through the 57 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 57 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Hard Times

Common questions about reading Hard Times by Charles Dickens on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Hard Times?

Yes. All 5737 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #786 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Hard Times is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #786, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Hard Times take to read?

About 478 minutes of reading across 1148 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Hard Times section by section

How to work through Hard Times section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Hard Times to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Hard Times

Words and structures a reader meets early in Hard Times, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Thing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hard Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Needful
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hard Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Facts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hard Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Teach
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hard Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.