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Hard Times
Hard Times

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Hard Times is here in full — 281 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Hard Times
Context Illustration Reading 1/56 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MR.
JAMES HARTHOUSE THE Gradgrind party wanted assistance in cutting the throats of the Graces.
They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?
Moreover, the healthy spirits who had mounted to this sublime height were attractive to many of the Gradgrind school.
They liked fine gentlemen; they pretended that they did not, but they did.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Hard Times

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Hard Times is here in full — 281 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/56 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MR.
/ˈmɪstər/
Line 2
JAMES HARTHOUSE THE Gradgrind party wanted assistance in cutting the throats of the Graces.
Line 3
They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?
/ðeɪ went əˈbaʊt rəˈkruːtɪŋ ənd wer kʊd ðeɪ ˌenˈlɪst rəˈkruːts mɔːr ˈhoʊpfəli ðæn əˈmʌŋ ðə faɪn ˈdʒentəlmɪn huː ˈhævɪŋ faʊnd aʊt ˈevriθɪŋ tuː biː wɜːrθ ˈnʌθɪŋ wɜːr ˈiːkwəli ˈredi fɔːr ˈeniθɪŋ/
Line 4
Moreover, the healthy spirits who had mounted to this sublime height were attractive to many of the Gradgrind school.
Line 5
They liked fine gentlemen; they pretended that they did not, but they did.
/ðeɪ laɪkt faɪn ˈdʒentəlmɪn ðeɪ priˈtendɪd ðæt ðeɪ dɪd nɑːt bʌt ðeɪ dɪd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

enlist verb US /ˌenˈlɪst/

join the military

From this reading “They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?”

Graces noun US /ˈɡreɪsɪz/

plural of “grace” — (Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading “JAMES HARTHOUSE THE Gradgrind party wanted assistance in cutting the throats of the Graces.”

healthy adjective US /ˈhelθi/

having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease

From this reading “Moreover, the healthy spirits who had mounted to this sublime height were attractive to many of the Gradgrind school.”

hopefully adverb US /ˈhoʊpfəli/

with hope; in a hopeful manner

From this reading “They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?”

recruiting verb US /rəˈkruːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “recruit” — register formally as a participant or member

From this reading “They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?”

recruits noun US /rəˈkruːts/

plural of “recruit” — a recently enlisted soldier

From this reading “They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?”

sublime adjective US /səˈblaɪm/

inspiring awe

From this reading “Moreover, the healthy spirits who had mounted to this sublime height were attractive to many of the Gradgrind school.”

throats noun US /θroʊts/

plural of “throat” — the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone

From this reading “JAMES HARTHOUSE THE Gradgrind party wanted assistance in cutting the throats of the Graces.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

assistancenounUS /əˈsɪstəns/

the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading JAMES HARTHOUSE THE Gradgrind party wanted assistance in cutting the throats of the Graces.

attractiveadjectiveUS /əˈtræktɪv/

pleasing to the eye or mind especially through beauty or charm

From this reading Moreover, the healthy spirits who had mounted to this sublime height were attractive to many of the Gradgrind school.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They liked fine gentlemen; they pretended that they did not, but they did.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

cuttingnounUS /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

the activity of selecting the scenes to be shown and putting them together to create a film

From this reading JAMES HARTHOUSE THE Gradgrind party wanted assistance in cutting the throats of the Graces.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading They liked fine gentlemen; they pretended that they did not, but they did.

enlistverbUS /ˌenˈlɪst/

join the military

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

equallyadverbUS /ˈiːkwəli/

to the same degree (often followed by “as”)

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

gentlemennounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

GracesnounUS /ˈɡreɪsɪz/

plural of “grace” — (Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading JAMES HARTHOUSE THE Gradgrind party wanted assistance in cutting the throats of the Graces.

Gradgrind

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading JAMES HARTHOUSE THE Gradgrind party wanted assistance in cutting the throats of the Graces.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Moreover, the healthy spirits who had mounted to this sublime height were attractive to many of the Gradgrind school.

HARTHOUSE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading JAMES HARTHOUSE THE Gradgrind party wanted assistance in cutting the throats of the Graces.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

healthyadjectiveUS /ˈhelθi/

having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease

From this reading Moreover, the healthy spirits who had mounted to this sublime height were attractive to many of the Gradgrind school.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading Moreover, the healthy spirits who had mounted to this sublime height were attractive to many of the Gradgrind school.

hopefullyadverbUS /ˈhoʊpfəli/

with hope; in a hopeful manner

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading JAMES HARTHOUSE THE Gradgrind party wanted assistance in cutting the throats of the Graces.

JAMESnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading JAMES HARTHOUSE THE Gradgrind party wanted assistance in cutting the throats of the Graces.

likedadjectiveUS /laɪkt/

found pleasant or attractive; often used as a combining form

From this reading They liked fine gentlemen; they pretended that they did not, but they did.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Moreover, the healthy spirits who had mounted to this sublime height were attractive to many of the Gradgrind school.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

MoreoveradverbUS /mɔːˈroʊvər/

in addition to what has just been said

From this reading Moreover, the healthy spirits who had mounted to this sublime height were attractive to many of the Gradgrind school.

mountedadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntəd/

assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support

From this reading Moreover, the healthy spirits who had mounted to this sublime height were attractive to many of the Gradgrind school.

MRnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading MR.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They liked fine gentlemen; they pretended that they did not, but they did.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading JAMES HARTHOUSE THE Gradgrind party wanted assistance in cutting the throats of the Graces.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading JAMES HARTHOUSE THE Gradgrind party wanted assistance in cutting the throats of the Graces.

pretendedadjectiveUS /priˈtendɪd/

adopted in order to deceive

From this reading They liked fine gentlemen; they pretended that they did not, but they did.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

recruitingverbUS /rəˈkruːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “recruit” — register formally as a participant or member

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

recruitsnounUS /rəˈkruːts/

plural of “recruit” — a recently enlisted soldier

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading Moreover, the healthy spirits who had mounted to this sublime height were attractive to many of the Gradgrind school.

spiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading Moreover, the healthy spirits who had mounted to this sublime height were attractive to many of the Gradgrind school.

sublimeadjectiveUS /səˈblaɪm/

inspiring awe

From this reading Moreover, the healthy spirits who had mounted to this sublime height were attractive to many of the Gradgrind school.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They liked fine gentlemen; they pretended that they did not, but they did.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading JAMES HARTHOUSE THE Gradgrind party wanted assistance in cutting the throats of the Graces.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Moreover, the healthy spirits who had mounted to this sublime height were attractive to many of the Gradgrind school.

throatsnounUS /θroʊts/

plural of “throat” — the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone

From this reading JAMES HARTHOUSE THE Gradgrind party wanted assistance in cutting the throats of the Graces.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading JAMES HARTHOUSE THE Gradgrind party wanted assistance in cutting the throats of the Graces.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading They went about recruiting; and where could they enlist recruits more hopefully, than among the fine gentlemen who, having found out everything to be worth nothing, were equally ready for anything?

Chapter 10 of Hard Times by Charles Dickens holds 281 sentences, grouped into 57 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Hard Times contain?

Chapter 10 holds 281 sentences of Hard Times, unabridged, divided into 57 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Hard Times by Charles Dickens exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 281 sentences, grouped into 57 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Hard Times?

Work through the 57 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 57 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Hard Times

Common questions about reading Hard Times by Charles Dickens on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Hard Times?

Yes. All 5737 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #786 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Hard Times is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #786, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Hard Times take to read?

About 478 minutes of reading across 1148 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Hard Times section by section

How to work through Hard Times section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Hard Times to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Hard Times

Words and structures a reader meets early in Hard Times, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Thing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hard Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Needful
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hard Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Facts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hard Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Teach
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hard Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.