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Hardscrabble
Hardscrabble

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Hardscrabble is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
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The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.
With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.
It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or traps,” as they designated them, of the household.
The other served as eating-room, parlor, and kitchen, and extended over, at least, three-fourths of the area.
It was provided with two doors--one facing the river and close to the partition which divided the rooms--the other occupying a remoter position to the rear.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Hardscrabble

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Hardscrabble is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.
Line 2
With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.
Line 3
It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes ortraps,” as they designated them, of the household.
Line 4
The other served as eating-room, parlor, and kitchen, and extended over, at least, three-fourths of the area.
Line 5
It was provided with two doors--one facing the river and close to the partition which divided the rooms--the other occupying a remoter position to the rear.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chunks noun US /tʃʌŋks/

plural of “chunk” — a compact mass

From this reading “With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.”

designated verb US /ˈdezɪɡneɪtɪd/

past form of “designate” — assign a name or title to

From this reading “It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.”

dormitory noun US /ˈdɔːrmətɔːri/

a college or university building containing living quarters for students

From this reading “It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.”

impervious adjective US /ˌɪmˈpɜːrviəs/

not admitting of passage or capable of being affected

From this reading “With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.”

notched adjective US /nɑːtʃt/

notched like a saw with teeth pointing toward the apex

From this reading “With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.”

occupying verb US /ˈɑːkjəpaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “occupy” — keep busy with

From this reading “It was provided with two doors--one facing the river and close to the partition which divided the rooms--the other occupying a remoter position to the rear.”

partition noun US /pɑːrˈtɪʃən/

a vertical structure that divides or separates (as a wall divides one room from another)

From this reading “It was provided with two doors--one facing the river and close to the partition which divided the rooms--the other occupying a remoter position to the rear.”

sparse adjective US /spɑːrs/

not dense

From this reading “The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

agencynounUS /ˈeɪdʒənsi/

an administrative unit of government

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

areanounUS /ˈeriə/

a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography)

From this reading The other served as eating-room, parlor, and kitchen, and extended over, at least, three-fourths of the area.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

buffalonounUS /ˈbʌfəloʊ/

large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

chunksnounUS /tʃʌŋks/

plural of “chunk” — a compact mass

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading It was provided with two doors--one facing the river and close to the partition which divided the rooms--the other occupying a remoter position to the rear.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

constructionnounUS /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

the act of constructing something

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

containingverbUS /kənˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

designatedverbUS /ˈdezɪɡneɪtɪd/

past form of “designate” — assign a name or title to

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

dividedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading It was provided with two doors--one facing the river and close to the partition which divided the rooms--the other occupying a remoter position to the rear.

doorsnounUS /dɔːrz/

plural of “door” — a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading It was provided with two doors--one facing the river and close to the partition which divided the rooms--the other occupying a remoter position to the rear.

dormitorynounUS /ˈdɔːrmətɔːri/

a college or university building containing living quarters for students

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

dove-tail

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

eating-room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The other served as eating-room, parlor, and kitchen, and extended over, at least, three-fourths of the area.

endsnounUS /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

exceptionnounUS /ɪkˈsepʃən/

a deliberate act of omission

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

extendedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstendəd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading The other served as eating-room, parlor, and kitchen, and extended over, at least, three-fourths of the area.

facingnounUS /ˈfeɪsɪŋ/

a lining applied to the edge of a garment for ornamentation or strengthening

From this reading It was provided with two doors--one facing the river and close to the partition which divided the rooms--the other occupying a remoter position to the rear.

farm-house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

frame-work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

hidesnounUS /haɪdz/

plural of “hide” — the dressed skin of an animal (especially a large animal)

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

householdnounUS /ˈhaʊshoʊld/

a social unit living together

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

imperviousadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɜːrviəs/

not admitting of passage or capable of being affected

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

kitchennounUS /ˈkɪtʃən/

a room equipped for preparing meals

From this reading The other served as eating-room, parlor, and kitchen, and extended over, at least, three-fourths of the area.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading The other served as eating-room, parlor, and kitchen, and extended over, at least, three-fourths of the area.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

logsnounUS /lɔːɡz/

plural of “log” — a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

mudnounUS /mʌd/

water soaked soil; soft wet earth

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

notchedadjectiveUS /nɑːtʃt/

notched like a saw with teeth pointing toward the apex

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

occupyingverbUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “occupy” — keep busy with

From this reading It was provided with two doors--one facing the river and close to the partition which divided the rooms--the other occupying a remoter position to the rear.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

parlornounUS /ˈpɑːrlər/

reception room in an inn or club where visitors can be received

From this reading The other served as eating-room, parlor, and kitchen, and extended over, at least, three-fourths of the area.

partitionnounUS /pɑːrˈtɪʃən/

a vertical structure that divides or separates (as a wall divides one room from another)

From this reading It was provided with two doors--one facing the river and close to the partition which divided the rooms--the other occupying a remoter position to the rear.

plasterverbUS /ˈplæstər/

apply a heavy coat to

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

populationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading It was provided with two doors--one facing the river and close to the partition which divided the rooms--the other occupying a remoter position to the rear.

providedverbUS /prəˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading It was provided with two doors--one facing the river and close to the partition which divided the rooms--the other occupying a remoter position to the rear.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

rawadjectiveUS /rɑː/

(used especially of commodities) being unprocessed or manufactured using only simple or minimal processes

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

rearnounUS /rɪr/

the back of a military formation or procession

From this reading It was provided with two doors--one facing the river and close to the partition which divided the rooms--the other occupying a remoter position to the rear.

regionnounUS /ˈriːdʒən/

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

remoteadjectiveUS /rɪˈmoʊt/

located far away spatially

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

remoter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was provided with two doors--one facing the river and close to the partition which divided the rooms--the other occupying a remoter position to the rear.

renderedverbUS /ˈrendərd/

past form of “render” — cause to become

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

risknounUS /rɪsk/

a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading It was provided with two doors--one facing the river and close to the partition which divided the rooms--the other occupying a remoter position to the rear.

roofnounUS /ruːf/

a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

roomsnounUS /ruːmz/

apartment consisting of a series of connected rooms used as a living unit (as in a hotel)

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

roughadjectiveUS /rʌf/

having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

rudeadjectiveUS /ruːd/

socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading The other served as eating-room, parlor, and kitchen, and extended over, at least, three-fourths of the area.

smalleradjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːlər/

small or little relative to something else

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

sparseadjectiveUS /spɑːrs/

not dense

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

three-fourthsnoun

three of four equal parts

From this reading The other served as eating-room, parlor, and kitchen, and extended over, at least, three-fourths of the area.

thrownadjectiveUS /θroʊn/

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

trapsnounUS /træps/

plural of “trap” — a device in which something (usually an animal) can be caught and penned

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading It had two rooms on the ground floor--one smaller than the other, used as a dormitory, and containing all the clothes or “traps,” as they designated them, of the household.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The farm-house was, as we have said, of very rude construction--such a one as could only spring up in so remote a region, and among so sparse a population.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

whollyadverbUS /ˈhoʊli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading With the exception of the roof, the frame-work of which had been covered with raw buffalo hides, it was built wholly of rough logs, notched at the ends in a sort of dove-tail fashion, and when not lying closely, filled in with chunks of wood, over which a rude plaster of mud had been thrown, so that the whole was rendered almost impervious to water, while it ran little risk from the agency of fire.

Chapter 5 of Hardscrabble by Major (John) Richardson holds 130 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Hardscrabble contain?

Chapter 5 holds 130 sentences of Hardscrabble, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Hardscrabble by Major (John) Richardson exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 130 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Hardscrabble?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Hardscrabble

Common questions about reading Hardscrabble by Major (John) Richardson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Hardscrabble?

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Which edition of Hardscrabble is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5169, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Hardscrabble take to read?

About 166 minutes of reading across 400 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Hardscrabble

Words and structures a reader meets early in Hardscrabble, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Beautiful
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hardscrabble; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hardscrabble; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Month
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hardscrabble; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
April
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hardscrabble; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.