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Harold — Volume 01
Harold — Volume 01

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Harold — Volume 01 is here in full — 56 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Harold — Volume 01
Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.
Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.
For the Norman kings have been maligned by the popular notion that assigns to them all the odium of the forest laws.
Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.
To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Harold — Volume 01

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Harold — Volume 01 is here in full — 56 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.
Line 2
Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.
Line 3
For the Norman kings have been maligned by the popular notion that assigns to them all the odium of the forest laws.
Line 4
Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.
Line 5
To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abounding adjective US /əˈbaʊndɪŋ/

existing in abundance

From this reading “Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.”

assigns verb US /əˈsaɪnz/

third-person singular of “assign” — give an assignment to (a person) to a post, or assign a task to (a person)

From this reading “For the Norman kings have been maligned by the popular notion that assigns to them all the odium of the forest laws.”

Druids noun US /ˈdruːɪdz/

plural of “druid” — a pre-Christian priest among the Celts of ancient Gaul and Britain and Ireland

From this reading “To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.”

huntsman noun US /ˈhʌntsmən/

someone who hunts game

From this reading “To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.”

lowborn adjective US /ˈloʊˈbɔːrn/

of humble birth or origins

From this reading “To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.”

maligned verb US /məˈlaɪnd/

past form of “malign” — speak unfavorably about

From this reading “For the Norman kings have been maligned by the popular notion that assigns to them all the odium of the forest laws.”

skirted verb US /ˈskɜːrtɪd/

past form of “skirt” — avoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing (duties, questions, or issues)

From this reading “Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.”

violated adjective US /ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd/

treated irreverently or sacrilegiously

From this reading “To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

abbotnounUS /ˈæbət/

the superior of an abbey of monks

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

aboundingadjectiveUS /əˈbaʊndɪŋ/

existing in abundance

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

affordedverbUS /əˈfɔːrdəd/

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

Anglo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

assignsverbUS /əˈsaɪnz/

third-person singular of “assign” — give an assignment to (a person) to a post, or assign a task to (a person)

From this reading For the Norman kings have been maligned by the popular notion that assigns to them all the odium of the forest laws.

beastsnounUS /biːsts/

plural of “beast” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading For the Norman kings have been maligned by the popular notion that assigns to them all the odium of the forest laws.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

betrayverbUS /bɪˈtreɪ/

reveal unintentionally

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

boarnounUS /bɔːr/

Old World wild swine having a narrow body and prominent tusks from which most domestic swine come; introduced in United States

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

bullnounUS /bʊl/

uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading For the Norman kings have been maligned by the popular notion that assigns to them all the odium of the forest laws.

ceorl

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

Confessornoun

a priest who hears confession and gives absolution

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

DruidsnounUS /ˈdruːɪdz/

plural of “druid” — a pre-Christian priest among the Celts of ancient Gaul and Britain and Ireland

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the Norman kings have been maligned by the popular notion that assigns to them all the odium of the forest laws.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

grovesnounUS /ɡroʊvz/

United States general who served as military director of the atomic bomb project (1896-1970)

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

HarshadjectiveUS /hɑːrʃ/

unpleasantly stern

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading For the Norman kings have been maligned by the popular notion that assigns to them all the odium of the forest laws.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

Hilda's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

huntsmannounUS /ˈhʌntsmən/

someone who hunts game

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

incurredverbUS /ˌɪnˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “incur” — make oneself subject to; bring upon oneself; become liable to

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

king'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

kingsnounUS /kɪŋz/

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading For the Norman kings have been maligned by the popular notion that assigns to them all the odium of the forest laws.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading For the Norman kings have been maligned by the popular notion that assigns to them all the odium of the forest laws.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

lowbornadjectiveUS /ˈloʊˈbɔːrn/

of humble birth or origins

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

malignedverbUS /məˈlaɪnd/

past form of “malign” — speak unfavorably about

From this reading For the Norman kings have been maligned by the popular notion that assigns to them all the odium of the forest laws.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

metropolisnounUS /məˈtrɑːpələs/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

mildadjectiveUS /maɪld/

moderate in type or degree or effect or force; far from extreme

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

narrating

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

neighbourhoodnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

noblesnounUS /ˈnoʊbəlz/

plural of “noble” — a titled peer of the realm

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

NormannounUS /ˈnɔːrmən/

United States operatic soprano (born in 1945)

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

Norwood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

notionnounUS /ˈnoʊʃən/

a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading For the Norman kings have been maligned by the popular notion that assigns to them all the odium of the forest laws.

odiumnoun

state of disgrace resulting from detestable behavior

From this reading For the Norman kings have been maligned by the popular notion that assigns to them all the odium of the forest laws.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

pastimenounUS /ˈpæstaɪm/

a diversion that occupies one's time and thoughts (usually pleasantly)

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

patchesnounUS /ˈpætʃəz/

plural of “patch” — a small contrasting part of something

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

penaltynounUS /ˈpenəlti/

the act of punishing

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

popularadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public

From this reading For the Norman kings have been maligned by the popular notion that assigns to them all the odium of the forest laws.

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

recessesnounUS /ˈriːsesəz/

plural of “recess” — a state of abeyance or suspended business

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

Rufus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

sacredadjectiveUS /ˈseɪkrəd/

concerned with religion or religious purposes

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

SaxonnounUS /ˈsæksən/

a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons; dominant in England until the Norman Conquest

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

skirtedverbUS /ˈskɜːrtɪd/

past form of “skirt” — avoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing (duties, questions, or issues)

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

suburbsnounUS /ˈsʌbərbz/

plural of “suburb” — a residential district located on the outskirts of a city

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

thegn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading For the Norman kings have been maligned by the popular notion that assigns to them all the odium of the forest laws.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

unquestionablyadverbUS /ənˈkwestʃənəbli/

without question

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

violatedadjectiveUS /ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd/

treated irreverently or sacrilegiously

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Harsh and severe were those laws in the reign of the Anglo- Saxon; as harsh and severe, perhaps, against the ceorl and the poor man, as in the days of Rufus, though more mild unquestionably to the nobles.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Even to this day patches of such land, in the neighbourhood of Norwood, may betray what the country was in the old time:--when a mighty forest, "abounding with wild beasts"-- "the bull and the boar"--skirted the suburbs of London, and afforded pastime to king and thegn.

wold-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading To all beneath the rank of abbot and thegn, the king's woods were made, even by the mild Confessor, as sacred as the groves of the Druids: and no less penalty than that of life was incurred by the lowborn huntsman who violated their recesses.

woundnounUS /waʊnd/

an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading While King Edward was narrating to the Norman Duke all that he knew, and all that he knew not, of Hilda's history and secret arts, the road wound through lands as wild and wold-like as if the metropolis of England lay a hundred miles distant.

Chapter 2 of Harold — Volume 01 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 56 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Harold — Volume 01 contain?

Chapter 2 holds 56 sentences of Harold — Volume 01, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Harold — Volume 01 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 56 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Harold — Volume 01?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Harold — Volume 01

Common questions about reading Harold — Volume 01 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Harold — Volume 01?

Yes. All 220 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7672 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Harold — Volume 01 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7672, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Harold — Volume 01 take to read?

About 18 minutes of reading across 44 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Harold — Volume 01 section by section

How to work through Harold — Volume 01 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Harold — Volume 01 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Harold — Volume 01

Words and structures a reader meets early in Harold — Volume 01, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Magnificent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harold — Volume 01; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Those
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harold — Volume 01; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
North
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harold — Volume 01; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Popular
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harold — Volume 01; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.