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Harold — Volume 07
Harold — Volume 07

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Harold — Volume 07 is here in full — 94 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Harold — Volume 07
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.
There was no further thought of slumber that night within the walls.
While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.
Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.
The third, old and prudent, and inured to Welch warfare, thought otherwise.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Harold — Volume 07

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Harold — Volume 07 is here in full — 94 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.
Line 2
There was no further thought of slumber that night within the walls.
/ðer wɑːz noʊ ˈfɜːrðər θɔːt ʌv ˈslʌmbər ðæt naɪt wɪˈðɪn ðə wɔːlz/
Line 3
While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.
Line 4
Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.
Line 5
The third, old and prudent, and inured to Welch warfare, thought otherwise.
/ðə θɜːrd oʊld ənd ˈpruːdənt ənd ˌɪˈnjʊrd tuː weltʃ ˈwɔːrfer θɔːt ˈʌðərwaɪz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Britons noun US /ˈbrɪtənz/

plural of “briton” — a native or inhabitant of Great Britain

From this reading “The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.”

feats noun US /fiːts/

plural of “feat” — a notable achievement

From this reading “While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.”

inured adjective US /ˌɪˈnjʊrd/

made tough by habitual exposure

From this reading “The third, old and prudent, and inured to Welch warfare, thought otherwise.”

Mallet noun US /ˈmælɪt/

a sports implement with a long handle and a head like a hammer; used in sports (polo or croquet) to hit a ball

From this reading “While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.”

Parthian noun US /ˈpɑːrθiən/

a native or inhabitant of Parthia

From this reading “The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.”

reinforcements noun US /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsmənts/

plural of “reinforcement” — a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission

From this reading “Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.”

terminating verb US /ˈtɜːrməneɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “terminate” — bring to an end or halt

From this reading “While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.”

Welch verb US /weltʃ/

cheat by avoiding payment of a gambling debt

From this reading “The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

assaultnounUS /əˈsɔːlt/

close fighting during the culmination of a military attack

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

assistverbUS /əˈsɪst/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

BritonsnounUS /ˈbrɪtənz/

plural of “briton” — a native or inhabitant of Great Britain

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.

characterised

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

chiefsnounUS /tʃiːfs/

plural of “chief” — a person who is in charge

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

clearedadjectiveUS /klɪrd/

rid of objects or obstructions such as e.g. trees and brush

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

conferredverbUS /kənˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “confer” — have a conference in order to talk something over

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

councilnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

escapingverbUS /ɪˈskeɪpɪŋ/

-ing form of “escape” — run away from confinement

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

featsnounUS /fiːts/

plural of “feat” — a notable achievement

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

flightnounUS /flaɪt/

a formation of aircraft in flight

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

foenounUS /foʊ/

an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

fugitivenounUS /ˈfjuːdʒətɪv/

someone who flees from an uncongenial situation

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading There was no further thought of slumber that night within the walls.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

Graville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

Harold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

inuredadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnjʊrd/

made tough by habitual exposure

From this reading The third, old and prudent, and inured to Welch warfare, thought otherwise.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

MalletnounUS /ˈmælɪt/

a sports implement with a long handle and a head like a hammer; used in sports (polo or croquet) to hit a ball

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading There was no further thought of slumber that night within the walls.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There was no further thought of slumber that night within the walls.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The third, old and prudent, and inured to Welch warfare, thought otherwise.

one-tenthnoun

a tenth part; one part in ten equal parts

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading The third, old and prudent, and inured to Welch warfare, thought otherwise.

ParthiannounUS /ˈpɑːrθiən/

a native or inhabitant of Parthia

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

Penmaen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

performedverbUS /pərˈfɔːrmd/

past form of “perform” — carry out or perform an action

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

proposedverbUS /prəˈpoʊzd/

past form of “propose” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.

prudentadjectiveUS /ˈpruːdənt/

careful and sensible; marked by sound judgment

From this reading The third, old and prudent, and inured to Welch warfare, thought otherwise.

pursueverbUS /pərˈsuː/

carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.

rapiditynounUS /rəˈpɪdəti/

a rate that is rapid

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

refuseverbUS /rəˈfjuːz/

show unwillingness towards

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

reinforcementsnounUS /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsmənts/

plural of “reinforcement” — a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission

From this reading Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.

renderedverbUS /ˈrendərd/

past form of “render” — cause to become

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

requestverbUS /rɪˈkwest/

express the need or desire for

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

revengenounUS /riˈvendʒ/

action taken in return for an injury or offense

From this reading Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.

rushedadjectiveUS /rʌʃt/

done under pressure

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

SaxonnounUS /ˈsæksən/

a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons; dominant in England until the Norman Conquest

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

scalenounUS /skeɪl/

an ordered reference standard

From this reading Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.

scarceadverbUS /skers/

only a very short time before

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

slumbernounUS /ˈslʌmbər/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading There was no further thought of slumber that night within the walls.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

steeps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

strifenounUS /straɪf/

lack of agreement or harmony

From this reading Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.

swordnounUS /sɔːrd/

a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.

tendedverbUS /ˈtendɪd/

past form of “tend” — have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

terminatingverbUS /ˈtɜːrməneɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “terminate” — bring to an end or halt

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

thegns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was no further thought of slumber that night within the walls.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading The third, old and prudent, and inured to Welch warfare, thought otherwise.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading There was no further thought of slumber that night within the walls.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.

ungraciousadjective

lacking charm and good taste

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading There was no further thought of slumber that night within the walls.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

warfarenounUS /ˈwɔːrfer/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The third, old and prudent, and inured to Welch warfare, thought otherwise.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was no further thought of slumber that night within the walls.

WelchverbUS /weltʃ/

cheat by avoiding payment of a gambling debt

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Two of the thegns, their blood hot with strife and revenge, proposed to scale the mountain with the whole force the reinforcements had brought them, and put all they found to the sword.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The fugitive Britons, scarce one-tenth of the number that had first rushed to the attack,--performed their flight with the same Parthian rapidity that characterised the assault; and escaping both Welch foe and Saxon, though the former broke ground to pursue them, they gained the steeps of Penmaen.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading There was no further thought of slumber that night within the walls.

woundednounUS /ˈwuːndɪd/

people who are wounded

From this reading While the wounded were tended, and the dead were cleared from the soil, Harold, with three of his chiefs, and Mallet de Graville, whose feats rendered it more than ungracious to refuse his request that he might assist in the council, conferred upon the means of terminating the war with the next day.

Chapter 4 of Harold — Volume 07 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 94 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Harold — Volume 07 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 94 sentences of Harold — Volume 07, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Harold — Volume 07 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 94 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Harold — Volume 07?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Harold — Volume 07

Common questions about reading Harold — Volume 07 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Harold — Volume 07?

Yes. All 453 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7678 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Harold — Volume 07 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7678, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Harold — Volume 07 take to read?

About 37 minutes of reading across 91 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Harold — Volume 07 section by section

How to work through Harold — Volume 07 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of Harold — Volume 07 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Harold — Volume 07

Words and structures a reader meets early in Harold — Volume 07, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Beams
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harold — Volume 07; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Breadth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harold — Volume 07; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Water
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harold — Volume 07; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Conway
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harold — Volume 07; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.