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Harper's Electricity Book for Boys
Harper's Electricity Book for Boys

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys is here in full — 168 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Harper's Electricity Book for Boys
Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.
Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.
For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.
A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.
Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Harper's Electricity Book for Boys

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys is here in full — 168 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.
Line 2
Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.
/sɪns ðə kənˈstrʌkʃən ənd ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃən ʌv ə ˈdaɪnəmoʊ ɪz ˈsʌmˈwʌt ˈɪntrəkət ɪt wɪl biː ˈbetər tuː stɑːrt wɪð ðə ˈsɪmpələr ˈmeθədz ʌv ɪˈlektrɪk ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən ənd soʊ wɜːrk ʌp tuː ðə mɔːr ˈkɑːmpləkeɪtəd fɔːrmz/
Line 3
For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.
Line 4
A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.
Line 5
Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.
/ˈkɑːpər ˈwaɪər ɪz tuː biː baʊnd ərˈaʊnd ðə tɑːp ʌv iːtʃ ˈpensəl ʌv ˈkɑːrbən ənd zɪŋk ənd ˈfɜːrmli ˈfæsənd wɪð ðə ˈplaɪərz soʊ ðæt ɪt wɪl nɑːt pʊl ɔːf ɔːr bɪˈkʌm dɪˈtætʃt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bluestone noun US /ˈbluːstoʊn/

bluish-grey sandstone used for paving and building

From this reading “For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.”

carbons noun US /ˈkɑːrbənz/

plural of “carbon” — an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds

From this reading “A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.”

dynamo noun US /ˈdaɪnəmoʊ/

generator consisting of a coil (the armature) that rotates between the poles of an electromagnet (the field magnet) causing a current to flow in the armature

From this reading “Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.”

generate verb US /ˈdʒenəreɪt/

bring into existence

From this reading “CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.”

inexpensive adjective US /ˌɪnɪkˈspensɪv/

relatively low in price or charging low prices

From this reading “A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.”

magnets noun US /ˈmæɡnəts/

plural of “magnet” — (physics) a device that attracts iron and produces a magnetic field

From this reading “For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.”

pliers noun US /ˈplaɪərz/

a gripping hand tool with two hinged arms and (usually) serrated jaws

From this reading “Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.”

zinc noun US /zɪŋk/

a bluish-white lustrous metallic element; brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable when heated; used in a wide variety of alloys and in galvanizing iron; it occurs naturally as zinc sulphide in zinc blende

From this reading “For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Copper wire noun + noun

In this reading “Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.”

electric bells adjective + noun counted as “electric bell”

a bell activated by the magnetic effect of an electric current

In this reading “For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.”

five cents noun + noun counted as “five cent”

In this reading “A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.”

simpler methods adjective + noun counted as “simple method”

In this reading “Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.”

pull off verb + particle

pull or pull out sharply

In this reading “Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.”

In order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.”

for five preposition + noun

In this reading “A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

apparatusnounUS /ˌæpərˈætəs/

equipment designed to serve a specific function

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

BATTERIESnounUS /ˈbætəriz/

plural of “battery” — group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place

From this reading CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.

bellsnounUS /belz/

plural of “bell” — a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

bi-chromate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

bluestonenounUS /ˈbluːstoʊn/

bluish-grey sandstone used for paving and building

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

carbonnounUS /ˈkɑːrbən/

an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds

From this reading Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.

carbonsnounUS /ˈkɑːrbənz/

plural of “carbon” — an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

cellnounUS /sel/

A small stone room in a prison where an inmate is locked behind iron bars.

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

CELLSnounUS /selz/

plural of “cell” — any small compartment

From this reading CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.

centsnounUS /sents/

plural of “cent” — a fractional monetary unit of several countries

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

coatingnounUS /ˈkoʊtɪŋ/

a thin layer covering something

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

complicatedadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmpləkeɪtəd/

difficult to analyze or understand

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

constructionnounUS /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

the act of constructing something

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

coppernounUS /ˈkɑːpər/

a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

detachedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtætʃt/

showing lack of emotional involvement

From this reading Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.

dynamonounUS /ˈdaɪnəmoʊ/

generator consisting of a coil (the armature) that rotates between the poles of an electromagnet (the field magnet) causing a current to flow in the armature

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

dynamos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

electricadjectiveUS /ɪˈlektrɪk/

using or providing or producing or transmitting or operated by electricity

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

electric-bell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

electric-light

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

electricitynounUS /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/

a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons

From this reading CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.

employverbUS /emˈplɔɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.

fastenedadjectiveUS /ˈfæsənd/

firmly closed or secured

From this reading Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.

firmlyadverbUS /ˈfɜːrmli/

with resolute determination

From this reading Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

generateverbUS /ˈdʒenəreɪt/

bring into existence

From this reading CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.

generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.

inexpensiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪnɪkˈspensɪv/

relatively low in price or charging low prices

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

intricateadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəkət/

having many complexly arranged elements; elaborate

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

machinerynounUS /məˈʃiːnəri/

machines or machine systems collectively

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

magnetsnounUS /ˈmæɡnəts/

plural of “magnet” — (physics) a device that attracts iron and produces a magnetic field

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

methodsnounUS /ˈmeθədz/

plural of “method” — a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

motorsnounUS /ˈmoʊtərz/

plural of “motor” — machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.

operationnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃən/

the state of being in effect or being operative

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.

pencilnounUS /ˈpensəl/

a thin cylindrical pointed writing implement; a rod of marking substance encased in wood

From this reading Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.

pencilsnounUS /ˈpensəlz/

plural of “pencil” — a thin cylindrical pointed writing implement; a rod of marking substance encased in wood

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

pliersnounUS /ˈplaɪərz/

a gripping hand tool with two hinged arms and (usually) serrated jaws

From this reading Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.

pullverbUS /pʊl/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.

purchasedverbUS /ˈpɜːrtʃəst/

past form of “purchase” — obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

removedadjectiveUS /riˈmuːvd/

separated in relationship by a given degree of descent

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

SimpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.

simpleradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpələr/

comparative of “simple” — having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

startverbUS /stɑːrt/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading CELLS AND BATTERIES Simple Cells In order to generate electricity it is necessary to employ cells, batteries, or dynamos.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

wirenounUS /ˈwaɪər/

ligament made of metal and used to fasten things or make cages or fences etc

From this reading Copper wire is to be bound around the top of each pencil of carbon and zinc, and firmly fastened with the pliers, so that it will not pull off or become detached.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Since the construction and operation of a dynamo is somewhat intricate, it will be better to start with the simpler methods of electric generation, and so work up to the more complicated forms.

zincnounUS /zɪŋk/

a bluish-white lustrous metallic element; brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable when heated; used in a wide variety of alloys and in galvanizing iron; it occurs naturally as zinc sulphide in zinc blende

From this reading A simple and inexpensive cell may be made from electric-light carbons, with the copper coating removed, and pencils of zinc, such as are used for electric-bell batteries and which can be purchased for five cents each.

zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For small apparatus, such as electric bells and light magnets and motors, the zinc-carbon-sal-ammoniac cell will answer very well; but for larger machinery, where more current is required, the bluestone and the bi-chromate batteries will be found necessary.

Chapter 3 of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys by Joseph H. (Joseph Henry) Adams holds 168 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys contain?

Chapter 3 holds 168 sentences of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys by Joseph H. (Joseph Henry) Adams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 168 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Harper's Electricity Book for Boys

Common questions about reading Harper's Electricity Book for Boys by Joseph H. (Joseph Henry) Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys?

Yes. All 4571 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #64592 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #64592, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Harper's Electricity Book for Boys take to read?

About 380 minutes of reading across 915 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Harper's Electricity Book for Boys section by section

How to work through Harper's Electricity Book for Boys section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Harper's Electricity Book for Boys

Words and structures a reader meets early in Harper's Electricity Book for Boys, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italics
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Transcribed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Between
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.