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Harper's Electricity Book for Boys
Harper's Electricity Book for Boys

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys is here in full — 198 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Harper's Electricity Book for Boys
Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.
The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.
The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.
Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.
By pressing a finger on the tin it is brought into contact with the screw-head under it, and the circuit is closed; on releasing it, the tin flies up and the circuit is opened again.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Harper's Electricity Book for Boys

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys is here in full — 198 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.
Line 2
The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.
Line 3
The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.
Line 4
Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.
Line 5
By pressing a finger on the tin it is brought into contact with the screw-head under it, and the circuit is closed; on releasing it, the tin flies up and the circuit is opened again.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

connections noun US /kəˈnekʃənz/

plural of “connection” — a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading “PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.”

dynamo noun US /ˈdaɪnəmoʊ/

generator consisting of a coil (the armature) that rotates between the poles of an electromagnet (the field magnet) causing a current to flow in the armature

From this reading “The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.”

electrical adjective US /ɪˈlektrɪkəl/

relating to or concerned with electricity

From this reading “The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.”

fans noun US /fænz/

plural of “fan” — a device for creating a current of air by movement of a surface or surfaces

From this reading “PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.”

releasing adjective US /riˈliːsɪŋ/

emotionally purging (of e.g. art)

From this reading “By pressing a finger on the tin it is brought into contact with the screw-head under it, and the circuit is closed; on releasing it, the tin flies up and the circuit is opened again.”

screwed verb US /skruːd/

past form of “screw” — have sexual intercourse with

From this reading “The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.”

switches noun US /ˈswɪtʃəz/

plural of “switch” — control consisting of a mechanical or electrical or electronic device for making or breaking or changing the connections in a circuit

From this reading “PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.”

washer noun US /ˈwɑːʃər/

someone who washes things for a living

From this reading “Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

electric bells adjective + noun counted as “electric bell”

a bell activated by the magnetic effect of an electric current

In this reading “PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.”

into contact preposition + noun

In this reading “By pressing a finger on the tin it is brought into contact with the screw-head under it, and the circuit is closed; on releasing it, the tin flies up and the circuit is opened again.”

simplest form adjective + noun counted as “simple form”

In this reading “The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.”

strip of verb + particle

In this reading “Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.”

finger on verb + particle

In this reading “By pressing a finger on the tin it is brought into contact with the screw-head under it, and the circuit is closed; on releasing it, the tin flies up and the circuit is opened again.”

brought into verb + particle counted as “bring into”

In this reading “By pressing a finger on the tin it is brought into contact with the screw-head under it, and the circuit is closed; on releasing it, the tin flies up and the circuit is opened again.”

secured by verb + particle counted as “secure by”

In this reading “Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading By pressing a finger on the tin it is brought into contact with the screw-head under it, and the circuit is closed; on releasing it, the tin flies up and the circuit is opened again.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.

bellsnounUS /belz/

plural of “bell” — a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.

blocknounUS /blɑːk/

a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides)

From this reading The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading By pressing a finger on the tin it is brought into contact with the screw-head under it, and the circuit is closed; on releasing it, the tin flies up and the circuit is opened again.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.

circuitnounUS /ˈsɜːrkət/

an electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow

From this reading By pressing a finger on the tin it is brought into contact with the screw-head under it, and the circuit is closed; on releasing it, the tin flies up and the circuit is opened again.

closedadjectiveUS /kloʊzd/

not open or affording passage or access

From this reading By pressing a finger on the tin it is brought into contact with the screw-head under it, and the circuit is closed; on releasing it, the tin flies up and the circuit is opened again.

commutators

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

connectionsnounUS /kəˈnekʃənz/

plural of “connection” — a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

contactnounUS /ˈkɑːntækt/

close interaction

From this reading By pressing a finger on the tin it is brought into contact with the screw-head under it, and the circuit is closed; on releasing it, the tin flies up and the circuit is opened again.

devicenounUS /dɪˈvaɪs/

an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

directlyadverbUS /dərˈektli/

without deviation

From this reading Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.

dynamonounUS /ˈdaɪnəmoʊ/

generator consisting of a coil (the armature) that rotates between the poles of an electromagnet (the field magnet) causing a current to flow in the armature

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

electricadjectiveUS /ɪˈlektrɪk/

using or providing or producing or transmitting or operated by electricity

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

electricaladjectiveUS /ɪˈlektrɪkəl/

relating to or concerned with electricity

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.

equipmentnounUS /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/

an instrumentality needed for an undertaking or to perform a service

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

fansnounUS /fænz/

plural of “fan” — a device for creating a current of air by movement of a surface or surfaces

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

fastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.

FignounUS /fɪɡ/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.

fingerverbUS /ˈfɪŋɡər/

feel or handle with the fingers

From this reading By pressing a finger on the tin it is brought into contact with the screw-head under it, and the circuit is closed; on releasing it, the tin flies up and the circuit is opened again.

fliesnounUS /flaɪz/

(theater) the space over the stage (out of view of the audience) used to store scenery (drop curtains)

From this reading By pressing a finger on the tin it is brought into contact with the screw-head under it, and the circuit is closed; on releasing it, the tin flies up and the circuit is opened again.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

improvedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvd/

made more desirable or valuable or profitable; especially made ready for use or marketing

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

indispensableadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl/

not to be dispensed with; essential

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading By pressing a finger on the tin it is brought into contact with the screw-head under it, and the circuit is closed; on releasing it, the tin flies up and the circuit is opened again.

lightsnounUS /laɪts/

plural of “light” — (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

metalnounUS /ˈmetəl/

any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.

From this reading Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.

motornounUS /ˈmoʊtər/

machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading By pressing a finger on the tin it is brought into contact with the screw-head under it, and the circuit is closed; on releasing it, the tin flies up and the circuit is opened again.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

piecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.

pressingnounUS /ˈpresɪŋ/

the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure

From this reading By pressing a finger on the tin it is brought into contact with the screw-head under it, and the circuit is closed; on releasing it, the tin flies up and the circuit is opened again.

projectingadjectiveUS /prəˈdʒektɪŋ/

extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary

From this reading Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.

push-button

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

PUSH-BUTTONS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

releasingadjectiveUS /riˈliːsɪŋ/

emotionally purging (of e.g. art)

From this reading By pressing a finger on the tin it is brought into contact with the screw-head under it, and the circuit is closed; on releasing it, the tin flies up and the circuit is opened again.

screwnounUS /skruː/

someone who guards prisoners

From this reading Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.

screw-head

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.

screwedverbUS /skruːd/

past form of “screw” — have sexual intercourse with

From this reading The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.

securedverbUS /sɪˈkjʊrd/

past form of “secure” — get by special effort

From this reading Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.

sheet-metal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

simplestadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpləst/

superlative of “simple” — having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.

stripverbUS /strɪp/

take away possessions from someone

From this reading Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.

SWITCHESnounUS /ˈswɪtʃəz/

plural of “switch” — control consisting of a mechanical or electrical or electronic device for making or breaking or changing the connections in a circuit

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

telegraph-key

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The telegraph-key and the commutators on a motor and dynamo are only improved forms of the push-button, and this simple little device is really an indispensable part of any electrical equipment.

tinnounUS /tɪn/

a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide

From this reading The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.

UnderprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading By pressing a finger on the tin it is brought into contact with the screw-head under it, and the circuit is closed; on releasing it, the tin flies up and the circuit is opened again.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

washernounUS /ˈwɑːʃər/

someone who washes things for a living

From this reading Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

wirenounUS /ˈwaɪər/

ligament made of metal and used to fasten things or make cages or fences etc

From this reading Under the screw-head one end of a wire is caught, and the other wire end is secured by a washer and a screw driven into the block directly under the projecting end of the strip of metal.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading PUSH-BUTTONS AND SWITCHES Push-buttons Push-buttons and switches are a necessity in every home where electric bells, lights, or fans are used, for with them connections are made or broken.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading The simplest form of push-button is a bent piece of tin or thin sheet-metal screwed fast to a small block of wood, as shown in Fig. 1.

Chapter 4 of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys by Joseph H. (Joseph Henry) Adams holds 198 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys contain?

Chapter 4 holds 198 sentences of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys by Joseph H. (Joseph Henry) Adams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 198 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Harper's Electricity Book for Boys

Common questions about reading Harper's Electricity Book for Boys by Joseph H. (Joseph Henry) Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys?

Yes. All 4571 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #64592 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #64592, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Harper's Electricity Book for Boys take to read?

About 380 minutes of reading across 915 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Harper's Electricity Book for Boys section by section

How to work through Harper's Electricity Book for Boys section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Harper's Electricity Book for Boys

Words and structures a reader meets early in Harper's Electricity Book for Boys, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italics
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Transcribed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Between
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.