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Harper's Electricity Book for Boys
Harper's Electricity Book for Boys

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys is here in full — 240 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/48 · 5 lines
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ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.
The tremendous force stored within the mechanism of a great transatlantic liner is governed by the twist of a man’s wrist.
The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.
Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.
This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Harper's Electricity Book for Boys

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys is here in full — 240 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/48 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.
/ɪˈlektrɪkəl rɪˈzɪstəns ðə ˈsaɪəns ʌv kənˈtroʊlɪŋ ˈfɔːrsɪz ɪz soʊ wel ˌʌndərˈstʊd ənd ˈfɪɡjərd aʊt ðæt ɪt bɪˈkʌmz ə ˈsɪmpəl məˈkænɪkəl ˌprɑːpəˈzɪʃən tuː əˈdæpt ðə ˈveriəs taɪps ʌv kənˈtroʊlərz tuː ˈeni fɔːrm ʌv ˈpaʊər ðæt meɪ biː emˈplɔɪd/
Line 2
The tremendous force stored within the mechanism of a great transatlantic liner is governed by the twist of a man’s wrist.
/ðə trəˈmendəs fɔːrs stɔːrd wɪˈðɪn ðə ˈmekənɪzəm ʌv ə ɡreɪt ˌtrænzətˈlæntɪk ˈlaɪnər ɪz ˈɡʌvərnd baɪ ðə twɪst ʌv ə mænz rɪst/
Line 3
The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.
/ðə ˌloʊkəˈmoʊtɪv ðæt wɪl pʊl ə ˈhʌndrəd kɑːrz ˈloʊdɪd wɪð koʊl ˌreprɪˈzentɪŋ ə weɪt ʌv ˈθaʊzəndz ʌv tʌnz ɪz ˈstɑːrtɪd ənd stɑːpt baɪ ə ʃɔːrt ˈlevər ðæt ɪz drɔːn ɪn wʌn dərˈekʃən ɔːr ðə ˈʌðər baɪ ə mænz hænd/
Line 4
Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.
Line 5
This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.
/ðɪs seɪm ˈprɪnsəpəl əˈplaɪz tuː ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti bʌt ðə miːnz ʌv ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ ɪt ɪz ˈvæstli ˈdɪfərənt frʌm ðə ˈmeθədz emˈplɔɪd fɔːr ˈʌðər ˈfɔːrsɪz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adapt verb US /əˈdæpt/

make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose

From this reading “ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.”

applies verb US /əˈplaɪz/

third-person singular of “apply” — put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading “This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.”

controllers noun US /kənˈtroʊlərz/

plural of “controller” — someone who maintains and audits business accounts

From this reading “ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.”

controlling adjective US /kənˈtroʊlɪŋ/

able to control or determine policy

From this reading “ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.”

governing adjective US /ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ/

responsible for making and enforcing rules and laws

From this reading “This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.”

liner noun US /ˈlaɪnər/

(baseball) a hit that flies straight out from the batter

From this reading “The tremendous force stored within the mechanism of a great transatlantic liner is governed by the twist of a man’s wrist.”

locomotive noun US /ˌloʊkəˈmoʊtɪv/

a wheeled vehicle consisting of a self-propelled engine that is used to draw trains along railway tracks

From this reading “The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.”

transatlantic adjective US /ˌtrænzətˈlæntɪk/

crossing the Atlantic Ocean

From this reading “The tremendous force stored within the mechanism of a great transatlantic liner is governed by the twist of a man’s wrist.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

vastly different adverb + adjective

In this reading “This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.”

tremendous force adjective + noun

In this reading “The tremendous force stored within the mechanism of a great transatlantic liner is governed by the twist of a man’s wrist.”

various types adjective + noun counted as “various type”

In this reading “ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.”

same principle adjective + noun

In this reading “This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.”

well understood adverb + adjective

In this reading “ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.”

Great forces adjective + noun counted as “great force”

In this reading “Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.”

supply of verb + particle

In this reading “Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

adaptverbUS /əˈdæpt/

make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

appliesverbUS /əˈplaɪz/

third-person singular of “apply” — put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

becomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The tremendous force stored within the mechanism of a great transatlantic liner is governed by the twist of a man’s wrist.

carsnounUS /kɑːrz/

plural of “car” — a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

coalnounUS /koʊl/

fossil fuel consisting of carbonized vegetable matter deposited in the Carboniferous period

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

controlledadjectiveUS /kənˈtroʊld/

restrained or managed or kept within certain bounds

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

controllersnounUS /kənˈtroʊlərz/

plural of “controller” — someone who maintains and audits business accounts

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

controllingadjectiveUS /kənˈtroʊlɪŋ/

able to control or determine policy

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

ELECTRICALadjectiveUS /ɪˈlektrɪkəl/

relating to or concerned with electricity

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

electricitynounUS /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/

a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons

From this reading This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

figuredadjectiveUS /ˈfɪɡjərd/

(of e.g. fabric design) adorned with patterns

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

flownounUS /floʊ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading The tremendous force stored within the mechanism of a great transatlantic liner is governed by the twist of a man’s wrist.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.

gasnounUS /ɡæs/

the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

governednounUS /ˈɡʌvərnd/

the body of people who are citizens of a particular government

From this reading The tremendous force stored within the mechanism of a great transatlantic liner is governed by the twist of a man’s wrist.

governingadjectiveUS /ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ/

responsible for making and enforcing rules and laws

From this reading This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The tremendous force stored within the mechanism of a great transatlantic liner is governed by the twist of a man’s wrist.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

jetnounUS /dʒet/

an airplane powered by one or more jet engines

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

keynounUS /kiː/

metal device shaped in such a way that when it is inserted into the appropriate lock the lock's mechanism can be rotated

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

kindsnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

letsnounUS /lets/

plural of “let” — a brutal terrorist group active in Kashmir; fights against India with the goal of restoring Islamic rule of India

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

levernounUS /ˈlevər/

a rigid bar pivoted about a fulcrum

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

linernounUS /ˈlaɪnər/

(baseball) a hit that flies straight out from the batter

From this reading The tremendous force stored within the mechanism of a great transatlantic liner is governed by the twist of a man’s wrist.

loadedadjectiveUS /ˈloʊdɪd/

filled with a great quantity

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

locomotivenounUS /ˌloʊkəˈmoʊtɪv/

a wheeled vehicle consisting of a self-propelled engine that is used to draw trains along railway tracks

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The tremendous force stored within the mechanism of a great transatlantic liner is governed by the twist of a man’s wrist.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.

mechanicaladjectiveUS /məˈkænɪkəl/

using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

mechanismnounUS /ˈmekənɪzəm/

the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction

From this reading The tremendous force stored within the mechanism of a great transatlantic liner is governed by the twist of a man’s wrist.

methodsnounUS /ˈmeθədz/

plural of “method” — a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

pressurenounUS /ˈpreʃər/

the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit)

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.

propositionnounUS /ˌprɑːpəˈzɪʃən/

(logic) a statement that affirms or denies something and is either true or false

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

pullverbUS /pʊl/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

representingverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪŋ/

-ing form of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

RESISTANCEnounUS /rɪˈzɪstəns/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

storedverbUS /stɔːrd/

past form of “store” — keep or lay aside for future use

From this reading The tremendous force stored within the mechanism of a great transatlantic liner is governed by the twist of a man’s wrist.

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

tonsnounUS /tʌnz/

a large number or amount

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

transatlanticadjectiveUS /ˌtrænzətˈlæntɪk/

crossing the Atlantic Ocean

From this reading The tremendous force stored within the mechanism of a great transatlantic liner is governed by the twist of a man’s wrist.

tremendousadjectiveUS /trəˈmendəs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading The tremendous force stored within the mechanism of a great transatlantic liner is governed by the twist of a man’s wrist.

turningnounUS /ˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

twistverbUS /twɪst/

to move in a twisting or contorted motion, (especially when struggling)

From this reading The tremendous force stored within the mechanism of a great transatlantic liner is governed by the twist of a man’s wrist.

typesnounUS /taɪps/

plural of “type” — a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

understoodadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

vastlyadverbUS /ˈvæstli/

to an exceedingly great extent or degree

From this reading This same principle applies to electricity, but the means of governing it is vastly different from the methods employed for other forces.

weightnounUS /weɪt/

the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE The science of controlling forces is so well understood and figured out that it becomes a simple mechanical proposition to adapt the various types of controllers to any form of power that may be employed.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Great forces of all kinds are quite as easily controlled as the supply of gas through a jet--by simply turning the key that lets out so much as may be required, no matter what the pressure is back of the flow.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The locomotive that will pull a hundred cars loaded with coal, representing a weight of thousands of tons, is started and stopped by a short lever that is drawn in one direction or the other by a man’s hand.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading The tremendous force stored within the mechanism of a great transatlantic liner is governed by the twist of a man’s wrist.

wristnounUS /rɪst/

a joint between the distal end of the radius and the proximal row of carpal bones

From this reading The tremendous force stored within the mechanism of a great transatlantic liner is governed by the twist of a man’s wrist.

Chapter 8 of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys by Joseph H. (Joseph Henry) Adams holds 240 sentences, grouped into 48 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys contain?

Chapter 8 holds 240 sentences of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys, unabridged, divided into 48 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys by Joseph H. (Joseph Henry) Adams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 240 sentences, grouped into 48 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys?

Work through the 48 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 48 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Harper's Electricity Book for Boys

Common questions about reading Harper's Electricity Book for Boys by Joseph H. (Joseph Henry) Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys?

Yes. All 4571 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #64592 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #64592, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Harper's Electricity Book for Boys take to read?

About 380 minutes of reading across 915 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Harper's Electricity Book for Boys section by section

How to work through Harper's Electricity Book for Boys section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Harper's Electricity Book for Boys

Words and structures a reader meets early in Harper's Electricity Book for Boys, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italics
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Transcribed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Between
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Electricity Book for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.