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Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880
Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880 is here in full — 38 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.
On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.
His name was George Washington.
He grew up a healthy, hardy boy, quiet in his ways, fond of study, and still more fond of out-door sport.
His playmates loved him because he was fair and generous, and looked up to him as a leader, because he had a way of doing what he set out to do.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880 is here in full — 38 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.
Line 2
On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.
Line 3
His name was George Washington.
/hɪz neɪm wɑːz dʒɔːrdʒ ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/
Line 4
He grew up a healthy, hardy boy, quiet in his ways, fond of study, and still more fond of out-door sport.
Line 5
His playmates loved him because he was fair and generous, and looked up to him as a leader, because he had a way of doing what he set out to do.
/hɪz ˈpleɪmeɪts lʌvd hɪm bɪˈkɔːz hiː wɑːz fer ənd ˈdʒenərəs ənd lʊkt ʌp tuː hɪm æz ə ˈliːdər bɪˈkɔːz hiː hæd ə weɪ ʌv ˈduːɪŋ wʌt hiː set aʊt tuː duː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Americans noun US /əˈmerəkənz/

plural of “american” — a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading “On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.”

colony noun US /ˈkɑːləni/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading “One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.”

February noun US /ˈfebjəweri/

the month following January and preceding March

From this reading “On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.”

hardy adjective US /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading “He grew up a healthy, hardy boy, quiet in his ways, fond of study, and still more fond of out-door sport.”

noblest adjective US /ˈnoʊblɪst/

superlative of “noble” — impressive in appearance

From this reading “On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.”

playmates noun US /ˈpleɪmeɪts/

plural of “playmate” — a companion at play

From this reading “His playmates loved him because he was fair and generous, and looked up to him as a leader, because he had a way of doing what he set out to do.”

Potomac noun US /pəˈtoʊmək/

a river in the east central United States; rises in West Virginia in the Appalachian Mountains and flows eastward, forming the boundary between Maryland and Virginia, to the Chesapeake Bay

From this reading “One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.”

sturdy adjective US /ˈstɜːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading “One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1732

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

22

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

afterwardadverbUS /ˈæftərwərd/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

AmericansnounUS /əˈmerəkənz/

plural of “american” — a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading His playmates loved him because he was fair and generous, and looked up to him as a leader, because he had a way of doing what he set out to do.

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading His playmates loved him because he was fair and generous, and looked up to him as a leader, because he had a way of doing what he set out to do.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading He grew up a healthy, hardy boy, quiet in his ways, fond of study, and still more fond of out-door sport.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

colonynounUS /ˈkɑːləni/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

dnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading His playmates loved him because he was fair and generous, and looked up to him as a leader, because he had a way of doing what he set out to do.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading His playmates loved him because he was fair and generous, and looked up to him as a leader, because he had a way of doing what he set out to do.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading His playmates loved him because he was fair and generous, and looked up to him as a leader, because he had a way of doing what he set out to do.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

farm-house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

farmernounUS /ˈfɑːrmər/

a person who operates a farm

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

FebruarynounUS /ˈfebjəweri/

the month following January and preceding March

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

fondadjectiveUS /fɑːnd/

having or displaying warmth or affection

From this reading He grew up a healthy, hardy boy, quiet in his ways, fond of study, and still more fond of out-door sport.

generousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəs/

willing to give and share unstintingly

From this reading His playmates loved him because he was fair and generous, and looked up to him as a leader, because he had a way of doing what he set out to do.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading His name was George Washington.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading He grew up a healthy, hardy boy, quiet in his ways, fond of study, and still more fond of out-door sport.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His playmates loved him because he was fair and generous, and looked up to him as a leader, because he had a way of doing what he set out to do.

hard-working

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

hardyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading He grew up a healthy, hardy boy, quiet in his ways, fond of study, and still more fond of out-door sport.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He grew up a healthy, hardy boy, quiet in his ways, fond of study, and still more fond of out-door sport.

healthyadjectiveUS /ˈhelθi/

having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease

From this reading He grew up a healthy, hardy boy, quiet in his ways, fond of study, and still more fond of out-door sport.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His playmates loved him because he was fair and generous, and looked up to him as a leader, because he had a way of doing what he set out to do.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His name was George Washington.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

leadernounUS /ˈliːdər/

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

From this reading His playmates loved him because he was fair and generous, and looked up to him as a leader, because he had a way of doing what he set out to do.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading His playmates loved him because he was fair and generous, and looked up to him as a leader, because he had a way of doing what he set out to do.

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading His playmates loved him because he was fair and generous, and looked up to him as a leader, because he had a way of doing what he set out to do.

modestadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdəst/

marked by simplicity; having a humble opinion of yourself

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He grew up a healthy, hardy boy, quiet in his ways, fond of study, and still more fond of out-door sport.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading His name was George Washington.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

noblestadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊblɪst/

superlative of “noble” — impressive in appearance

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading His playmates loved him because he was fair and generous, and looked up to him as a leader, because he had a way of doing what he set out to do.

out-door

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He grew up a healthy, hardy boy, quiet in his ways, fond of study, and still more fond of out-door sport.

playmatesnounUS /ˈpleɪmeɪts/

plural of “playmate” — a companion at play

From this reading His playmates loved him because he was fair and generous, and looked up to him as a leader, because he had a way of doing what he set out to do.

PotomacnounUS /pəˈtoʊmək/

a river in the east central United States; rises in West Virginia in the Appalachian Mountains and flows eastward, forming the boundary between Maryland and Virginia, to the Chesapeake Bay

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

quietadjectiveUS /ˈkwaɪət/

characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity

From this reading He grew up a healthy, hardy boy, quiet in his ways, fond of study, and still more fond of out-door sport.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading His playmates loved him because he was fair and generous, and looked up to him as a leader, because he had a way of doing what he set out to do.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

southernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

sportnounUS /spɔːrt/

an active diversion requiring physical exertion and competition

From this reading He grew up a healthy, hardy boy, quiet in his ways, fond of study, and still more fond of out-door sport.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading He grew up a healthy, hardy boy, quiet in his ways, fond of study, and still more fond of out-door sport.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading He grew up a healthy, hardy boy, quiet in his ways, fond of study, and still more fond of out-door sport.

sturdyadjectiveUS /ˈstɜːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading He grew up a healthy, hardy boy, quiet in his ways, fond of study, and still more fond of out-door sport.

VirginianounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjə/

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading His name was George Washington.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading His playmates loved him because he was fair and generous, and looked up to him as a leader, because he had a way of doing what he set out to do.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading He grew up a healthy, hardy boy, quiet in his ways, fond of study, and still more fond of out-door sport.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading On the 22d day of February, 1732, a son was born in the modest farm-house, who afterward came to be the most famous, and one of the noblest, of Americans.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading One hundred and fifty years ago a sturdy, hard-working farmer lived near the southern bank of the Potomac River, in what was then the English colony of Virginia.

Chapter 3 of Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880 by Various holds 38 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880 contain?

Chapter 3 holds 38 sentences of Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880 by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 38 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880

Common questions about reading Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880 by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880?

Yes. All 931 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #28778 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #28778, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880 take to read?

About 77 minutes of reading across 187 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880 section by section

How to work through Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880

Words and structures a reader meets early in Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nancy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hanson's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Project
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Howard
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Young People, April 13, 1880; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.