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Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880
Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880 is here in full — 822 sentences across 165 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880
Context Illustration Reading 1/164 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.
It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.
But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.
He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.
He dreaded to put our freedom in danger unless compelled to.
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Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880 is here in full — 822 sentences across 165 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/164 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.
/ˈveri suːn ˈæftər ˈdʒenərəl ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən wɑːz ɪˈlektəd ˈprezədent ə wɔːr broʊk aʊt bɪˈtwiːn fræns ənd ˈɪŋɡlənd/
Line 2
It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈnætʃərəl ðæt ˈpiːpəl ɪn ðɪs ˈkʌntri ʃʊd wɪʃ tuː help ðə frentʃ huː hæd helpt ʌs/
Line 3
But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.
/bʌt ˈdʒenərəl ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən sɔː ðæt ɪf wiː wʌns ɡɑːt ɪn ðə weɪ ʌv ˈteɪkɪŋ ə pɑːrt ɪn wɔːrz bɪˈtwiːn ˈʌðər ˈkʌntriz wer ˈaʊər oʊn raɪts wɜːr nɑːt ɪn ˈdeɪndʒər wiː ʃʊd ˈɔːlweɪz biː æt wɔːr/
Line 4
He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.
/hiː sɔː tuː ðæt wiː wɜːr ə smɔːl ˈneɪʃən ðen kəmˈperd tuː ðə ˈneɪʃənz ʌv ˈjʊrəp ənd ðæt wiː maɪt ˈiːzəli luːz ðə ˈfriːdəm wiː hæd fɔːt soʊ lɔːŋ fɔːr/
Line 5
He dreaded to put our freedom in danger unless compelled to.
/hiː ˈdredɪd tuː pʊt ˈaʊər ˈfriːdəm ɪn ˈdeɪndʒər ənˈles kəmˈpeld tuː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

compared verb US /kəmˈperd/

past form of “compare” — examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading “He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.”

countries noun US /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading “But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.”

dreaded adjective US /ˈdredɪd/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading “He dreaded to put our freedom in danger unless compelled to.”

elected adjective US /ɪˈlektəd/

subject to popular election

From this reading “Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.”

nations noun US /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading “He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.”

rights noun US /raɪts/

plural of “right” — an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature

From this reading “But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.”

wars noun US /wɔːrz/

plural of “war” — the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading “But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.”

Washington noun US /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading “Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

comparedverbUS /kəmˈperd/

past form of “compare” — examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading He dreaded to put our freedom in danger unless compelled to.

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

dreadedadjectiveUS /ˈdredɪd/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading He dreaded to put our freedom in danger unless compelled to.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.

electedadjectiveUS /ɪˈlektəd/

subject to popular election

From this reading Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.

freedomnounUS /ˈfriːdəm/

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.

helpedverbUS /helpt/

past form of “help” — give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.

loseverbUS /luːz/

fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.

PresidentnounUS /ˈprezədent/

an executive officer of a firm or corporation

From this reading Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading He dreaded to put our freedom in danger unless compelled to.

rightsnounUS /raɪts/

plural of “right” — an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading He saw, too, that we were a small nation then, compared to the nations of Europe, and that we might easily lose the freedom we had fought so long for.

unlessconjunctionUS /ənˈles/

except if; if not

From this reading He dreaded to put our freedom in danger unless compelled to.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.

VeryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.

warsnounUS /wɔːrz/

plural of “war” — the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading Very soon after General Washington was elected President a war broke out between France and England.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading But General Washington saw that if we once got in the way of taking a part in wars between other countries, where our own rights were not in danger, we should always be at war.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.

wishverbUS /wɪʃ/

hope for; have a wish

From this reading It was natural that people in this country should wish to help the French, who had helped us.

Chapter 2 of Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880 by Various holds 822 sentences, grouped into 165 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880 contain?

Chapter 2 holds 822 sentences of Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880, unabridged, divided into 165 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880 by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 822 sentences, grouped into 165 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880?

Work through the 165 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 165 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880

Common questions about reading Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880 by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880?

Yes. All 1087 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #28984 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #28984, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880 take to read?

About 90 minutes of reading across 218 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880 section by section

How to work through Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880

Words and structures a reader meets early in Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Uncle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Announced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Department
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Satisfied
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Young People, June 8, 1880; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.