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Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880
Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880 is here in full — 618 sentences across 124 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880
Context Illustration Reading 1/123 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.
The next year the British came around from New York by water with a large and fine army.
Washington's army was badly trained, and many of them were new men.
A bloody battle was fought below Philadelphia, on the Brandywine Creek, and the Americans were divided and beaten.
The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880 is here in full — 618 sentences across 124 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/123 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.
Line 2
The next year the British came around from New York by water with a large and fine army.
/ðə nekst jɪr ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ keɪm ərˈaʊnd frʌm nuː jɔːrk baɪ ˈwɔːtər wɪð ə lɑːrdʒ ənd faɪn ˈɑːrmi/
Line 3
Washington's army was badly trained, and many of them were new men.
/ˈwɑːʃɪŋtənz ˈɑːrmi wɑːz ˈbædli treɪnd ənd ˈmeni ʌv ðem wɜːr nuː men/
Line 4
A bloody battle was fought below Philadelphia, on the Brandywine Creek, and the Americans were divided and beaten.
Line 5
The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.
/ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ mɑːrtʃt ˈɪntuː ˌfɪləˈdelfiə ənd ɪn spaɪt ʌv ɔːl ðæt ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən kʊd duː steɪd ðer ðæt ˈwɪntər ənd ðə əˈmerəkənz went ˈɪntuː kæmp æt ˈvæli fɔːrdʒ sʌm ˈtwenti maɪlz əˈweɪ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Americans noun US /əˈmerəkənz/

plural of “american” — a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading “A bloody battle was fought below Philadelphia, on the Brandywine Creek, and the Americans were divided and beaten.”

bloody adjective US /ˈblʌdi/

having or covered with or accompanied by blood

From this reading “A bloody battle was fought below Philadelphia, on the Brandywine Creek, and the Americans were divided and beaten.”

Forge verb US /fɔːrdʒ/

create by hammering

From this reading “The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.”

marched verb US /mɑːrtʃt/

past form of “march” — march in a procession

From this reading “The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.”

Philadelphia noun US /ˌfɪləˈdelfiə/

the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania

From this reading “In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.”

staid adjective US /steɪd/

characterized by dignity and propriety

From this reading “The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.”

trained adjective US /treɪnd/

shaped or conditioned or disciplined by training; often used as a combining form

From this reading “Washington's army was badly trained, and many of them were new men.”

Washington's noun US /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtənz/

possessive form of “washington” — the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading “Washington's army was badly trained, and many of them were new men.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1776

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

1777

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The next year the British came around from New York by water with a large and fine army.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.

AmericansnounUS /əˈmerəkənz/

plural of “american” — a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading A bloody battle was fought below Philadelphia, on the Brandywine Creek, and the Americans were divided and beaten.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The next year the British came around from New York by water with a large and fine army.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading The next year the British came around from New York by water with a large and fine army.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.

badlyadverbUS /ˈbædli/

to a severe or serious degree

From this reading Washington's army was badly trained, and many of them were new men.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading A bloody battle was fought below Philadelphia, on the Brandywine Creek, and the Americans were divided and beaten.

beatenadjectiveUS /ˈbiːtən/

formed or made thin by hammering

From this reading A bloody battle was fought below Philadelphia, on the Brandywine Creek, and the Americans were divided and beaten.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading A bloody battle was fought below Philadelphia, on the Brandywine Creek, and the Americans were divided and beaten.

bloodyadjectiveUS /ˈblʌdi/

having or covered with or accompanied by blood

From this reading A bloody battle was fought below Philadelphia, on the Brandywine Creek, and the Americans were divided and beaten.

Brandywine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A bloody battle was fought below Philadelphia, on the Brandywine Creek, and the Americans were divided and beaten.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The next year the British came around from New York by water with a large and fine army.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The next year the British came around from New York by water with a large and fine army.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.

CreeknounUS /kriːk/

a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

From this reading A bloody battle was fought below Philadelphia, on the Brandywine Creek, and the Americans were divided and beaten.

dividedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading A bloody battle was fought below Philadelphia, on the Brandywine Creek, and the Americans were divided and beaten.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading The next year the British came around from New York by water with a large and fine army.

ForgeverbUS /fɔːrdʒ/

create by hammering

From this reading The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading A bloody battle was fought below Philadelphia, on the Brandywine Creek, and the Americans were divided and beaten.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The next year the British came around from New York by water with a large and fine army.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The next year the British came around from New York by water with a large and fine army.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Washington's army was badly trained, and many of them were new men.

marchedverbUS /mɑːrtʃt/

past form of “march” — march in a procession

From this reading The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Washington's army was badly trained, and many of them were new men.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The next year the British came around from New York by water with a large and fine army.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next year the British came around from New York by water with a large and fine army.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A bloody battle was fought below Philadelphia, on the Brandywine Creek, and the Americans were divided and beaten.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

PhiladelphianounUS /ˌfɪləˈdelfiə/

the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.

staidadjectiveUS /steɪd/

characterized by dignity and propriety

From this reading The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Washington's army was badly trained, and many of them were new men.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

trainedadjectiveUS /treɪnd/

shaped or conditioned or disciplined by training; often used as a combining form

From this reading Washington's army was badly trained, and many of them were new men.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.

ValleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Washington's army was badly trained, and many of them were new men.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

Washington'snounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtənz/

possessive form of “washington” — the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading Washington's army was badly trained, and many of them were new men.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading The next year the British came around from New York by water with a large and fine army.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The British marched into Philadelphia, and in spite of all that Washington could do, staid there that winter, and the Americans went into camp at Valley Forge, some twenty miles away.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Washington's army was badly trained, and many of them were new men.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The next year the British came around from New York by water with a large and fine army.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The next year the British came around from New York by water with a large and fine army.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading The next year the British came around from New York by water with a large and fine army.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading In the last chapter I told you how Washington kept the British out of Philadelphia during the winter of 1776 and 1777.

Chapter 3 of Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880 by Various holds 618 sentences, grouped into 124 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880 contain?

Chapter 3 holds 618 sentences of Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880, unabridged, divided into 124 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880 by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 618 sentences, grouped into 124 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880?

Work through the 124 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 124 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880

Common questions about reading Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880 by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880?

Yes. All 873 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #28881 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #28881, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880 take to read?

About 72 minutes of reading across 175 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880 section by section

How to work through Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880

Words and structures a reader meets early in Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Rob's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stoddard
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Staten
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Island
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Harper's Young People, May 4, 1880; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.