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Health Lessons, Book 1
Health Lessons, Book 1

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Health Lessons, Book 1 is here in full — 74 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Health Lessons, Book 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.
An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.
These little plants are called _germs_ or _microbes_.
They are also named _bacteria_.
They are so small that a million laid side by side would not cover the head of a pin.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Health Lessons, Book 1

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Health Lessons, Book 1 is here in full — 74 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.
Line 2
An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.
/æn ˈɪnstrəmənt kɔːld ə ˈmaɪkrəskoʊp meɪks ðem əˈpɪr soʊ lɑːrdʒ ðæt ðer fɔːrm ənd ɡroʊθ ɑːr ˈiːzəli ˈstʌdid/
Line 3
These little plants are called _germs_ or _microbes_.
/ðiːz ˈlɪtəl plænts ɑːr kɔːld dʒɜːrmz ɔːr ˈmaɪkroʊbz/
Line 4
They are also named _bacteria_.
/ðeɪ ɑːr ˈɔːlsoʊ neɪmd bækˈtɪriə/
Line 5
They are so small that a million laid side by side would not cover the head of a pin.
/ðeɪ ɑːr soʊ smɔːl ðæt ə ˈmɪljən leɪd saɪd baɪ saɪd wʊd nɑːt ˈkʌvər ðə hed ʌv ə pɪn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bacteria noun US /bækˈtɪriə/

(microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission

From this reading “HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.”

contain verb US /kənˈteɪn/

include or contain; have as a component

From this reading “HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.”

dirt noun US /dɜːrt/

the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock

From this reading “HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.”

Germs noun US /dʒɜːrmz/

plural of “germ” — anything that provides inspiration for later work

From this reading “HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.”

Microbes noun US /ˈmaɪkroʊbz/

plural of “microbe” — a minute life form (especially a disease-causing bacterium); the term is not in technical use

From this reading “HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.”

microscope noun US /ˈmaɪkrəskoʊp/

magnifier of the image of small objects

pin verb US /pɪn/

to hold fast or prevent from moving

From this reading “They are so small that a million laid side by side would not cover the head of a pin.”

sour verb US /ˈsaʊər/

go sour or spoil

From this reading “HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

all sorts adjective + noun counted as “all sort”

In this reading “HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.”

too small adverb + adjective

In this reading “HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.”

by side preposition + noun

In this reading “They are so small that a million laid side by side would not cover the head of a pin.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading They are also named _bacteria_.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.

BacterianounUS /bækˈtɪriə/

(microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.

containverbUS /kənˈteɪn/

include or contain; have as a component

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

coververbUS /ˈkʌvər/

provide with a covering or cause to be covered

From this reading They are so small that a million laid side by side would not cover the head of a pin.

dirtnounUS /dɜːrt/

the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

dustverbUS /dʌst/

remove the dust from

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

FOODnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.

GermsnounUS /dʒɜːrmz/

plural of “germ” — anything that provides inspiration for later work

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading They are so small that a million laid side by side would not cover the head of a pin.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

instrumentnounUS /ˈɪnstrəmənt/

a device that requires skill for proper use

From this reading An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading They are so small that a million laid side by side would not cover the head of a pin.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading These little plants are called _germs_ or _microbes_.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.

MicrobesnounUS /ˈmaɪkroʊbz/

plural of “microbe” — a minute life form (especially a disease-causing bacterium); the term is not in technical use

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

microscopenounUS /ˈmaɪkrəskoʊp/

magnifier of the image of small objects

From this reading An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.

millionnounUS /ˈmɪljən/

the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading They are so small that a million laid side by side would not cover the head of a pin.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading They are also named _bacteria_.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They are so small that a million laid side by side would not cover the head of a pin.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

ORconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

pinverbUS /pɪn/

to hold fast or prevent from moving

From this reading They are so small that a million laid side by side would not cover the head of a pin.

PLANTSnounUS /plænts/

plural of “plant” — buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading They are so small that a million laid side by side would not cover the head of a pin.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.

sortsnounUS /sɔːrts/

plural of “sort” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

SOURverbUS /ˈsaʊər/

go sour or spoil

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

SPOILverbUS /spɔɪl/

make a mess of, destroy or ruin

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

studiedadjectiveUS /ˈstʌdid/

produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation

From this reading An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading An instrument called a _microscope_ makes them appear so large that their form and growth are easily studied.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These little plants are called _germs_ or _microbes_.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are also named _bacteria_.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

tinyadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪni/

very small

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading HOW PLANTS SOUR OR SPOIL FOOD =Germs, Microbes, or Bacteria.=--The dust and dirt of all sorts contain thousands of tiny plants too small to be seen by the eye without help.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading They are so small that a million laid side by side would not cover the head of a pin.

Chapter 5 of Health Lessons, Book 1 by Alvin Davison holds 74 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Health Lessons, Book 1 contain?

Chapter 5 holds 74 sentences of Health Lessons, Book 1, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Health Lessons, Book 1 by Alvin Davison exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 74 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Health Lessons, Book 1?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Health Lessons, Book 1

Common questions about reading Health Lessons, Book 1 by Alvin Davison on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Health Lessons, Book 1?

Yes. All 2420 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31616 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Health Lessons, Book 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31616, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Health Lessons, Book 1 take to read?

About 201 minutes of reading across 484 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Health Lessons, Book 1 section by section

How to work through Health Lessons, Book 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of Health Lessons, Book 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Health Lessons, Book 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Health Lessons, Book 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Entered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Health Lessons, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stationers'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Health Lessons, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Health Lessons, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scarcely
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Health Lessons, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.