Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Health Lessons, Book 1
Health Lessons, Book 1

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Health Lessons, Book 1 is here in full — 112 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Health Lessons, Book 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.
One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.
The bones are nowhere separate but are joined together with tough bands named _ligaments_.
All the bones together form the _skeleton_.
All animals from fish to man have a skeleton.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Health Lessons, Book 1

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Health Lessons, Book 1 is here in full — 112 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.
Line 2
One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.
/wʌn ˈpɜːrpəs ɪz tuː ɡɪv ɪt ʃeɪp ə ˈsekənd ˈpɜːrpəs ɪz tuː help ðə ˈbɑːdi muːv ənd ə θɜːrd wʌn ɪz tuː prəˈtekt frʌm ˈɪndʒəri sʌm ʌv ðə ˈdeləkət ˈɔːrɡənz sʌtʃ æz ðə hɑːrt ənd breɪn/
Line 3
The bones are nowhere separate but are joined together with tough bands named _ligaments_.
/ðə boʊnz ɑːr ˈnoʊwer ˈsepəreɪt bʌt ɑːr dʒɔɪnd təˈɡeðər wɪð tʌf bændz neɪmd ˈlɪɡəmənts/
Line 4
All the bones together form the _skeleton_.
/ɔːl ðə boʊnz təˈɡeðər fɔːrm ðə ˈskelətən/
Line 5
All animals from fish to man have a skeleton.
/ɔːl ˈænəməlz frʌm fɪʃ tuː mæn hæv ə ˈskelətən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bands noun US /bændz/

plural of “band” — an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading “The bones are nowhere separate but are joined together with tough bands named _ligaments_.”

framework noun US /ˈfreɪmwɜːrk/

a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading “HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.”

ligaments noun US /ˈlɪɡəmənts/

plural of “ligament” — a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages or supporting muscles or organs

moves noun US /muːvz/

plural of “move” — the act of deciding to do something

From this reading “HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.”

nowhere noun US /ˈnoʊwer/

an insignificant place

From this reading “The bones are nowhere separate but are joined together with tough bands named _ligaments_.”

organs noun US /ˈɔːrɡənz/

edible viscera of a butchered animal

From this reading “One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.”

skeleton noun US /ˈskelətən/

something reduced to its minimal form

From this reading “All animals from fish to man have a skeleton.”

tough adjective US /tʌf/

not given to gentleness or sentimentality

From this reading “The bones are nowhere separate but are joined together with tough bands named _ligaments_.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

for three preposition + noun

In this reading “HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All the bones together form the _skeleton_.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading All animals from fish to man have a skeleton.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The bones are nowhere separate but are joined together with tough bands named _ligaments_.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

bandsnounUS /bændz/

plural of “band” — an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading The bones are nowhere separate but are joined together with tough bands named _ligaments_.

BODYnounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.

bonesnounUS /boʊnz/

(used in the plural) a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance

From this reading HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.

brainnounUS /breɪn/

that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The bones are nowhere separate but are joined together with tough bands named _ligaments_.

delicateadjectiveUS /ˈdeləkət/

exquisitely fine and subtle and pleasing; susceptible to injury

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

fishnounUS /fɪʃ/

any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills

From this reading All animals from fish to man have a skeleton.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading All the bones together form the _skeleton_.

FrameworknounUS /ˈfreɪmwɜːrk/

a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading All animals from fish to man have a skeleton.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.

injurynounUS /ˈɪndʒəri/

any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

joinedadjectiveUS /dʒɔɪnd/

of or relating to two people who are married to each other

From this reading The bones are nowhere separate but are joined together with tough bands named _ligaments_.

ligamentsnounUS /ˈlɪɡəmənts/

plural of “ligament” — a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages or supporting muscles or organs

From this reading The bones are nowhere separate but are joined together with tough bands named _ligaments_.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading All animals from fish to man have a skeleton.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

MOVESnounUS /muːvz/

plural of “move” — the act of deciding to do something

From this reading HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The bones are nowhere separate but are joined together with tough bands named _ligaments_.

NeednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.

needsadverbUS /niːdz/

in such a manner as could not be otherwise

From this reading HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.

nowherenounUS /ˈnoʊwer/

an insignificant place

From this reading The bones are nowhere separate but are joined together with tough bands named _ligaments_.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

organsnounUS /ˈɔːrɡənz/

edible viscera of a butchered animal

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

protectverbUS /prəˈtekt/

shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

separateverbUS /ˈsepəreɪt/

act as a barrier between; stand between

From this reading The bones are nowhere separate but are joined together with tough bands named _ligaments_.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

skeletonnounUS /ˈskelətən/

something reduced to its minimal form

From this reading All the bones together form the _skeleton_.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

stiffadjectiveUS /stɪf/

not moving or operating freely

From this reading HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading HOW THE BODY MOVES =The Need of a Framework.=--The body needs a stiff framework made of bones for three purposes.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading One purpose is to give it shape, a second purpose is to help the body move, and a third one is to protect from injury some of the delicate organs, such as the heart and brain.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading The bones are nowhere separate but are joined together with tough bands named _ligaments_.

toughadjectiveUS /tʌf/

not given to gentleness or sentimentality

From this reading The bones are nowhere separate but are joined together with tough bands named _ligaments_.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The bones are nowhere separate but are joined together with tough bands named _ligaments_.

Chapter 18 of Health Lessons, Book 1 by Alvin Davison holds 112 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Health Lessons, Book 1 contain?

Chapter 18 holds 112 sentences of Health Lessons, Book 1, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Health Lessons, Book 1 by Alvin Davison exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 112 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Health Lessons, Book 1?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Health Lessons, Book 1

Common questions about reading Health Lessons, Book 1 by Alvin Davison on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Health Lessons, Book 1?

Yes. All 2420 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31616 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Health Lessons, Book 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31616, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Health Lessons, Book 1 take to read?

About 201 minutes of reading across 484 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Health Lessons, Book 1 section by section

How to work through Health Lessons, Book 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of Health Lessons, Book 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Health Lessons, Book 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Health Lessons, Book 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Entered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Health Lessons, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stationers'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Health Lessons, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Health Lessons, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scarcely
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Health Lessons, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.