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Health Lessons, Book 1
Health Lessons, Book 1

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Health Lessons, Book 1 is here in full — 109 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Health Lessons, Book 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.
In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.
Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.
These threads form the _nerves_.
=The Brain.=--The brain is a soft bunch of matter filling the inside of the skull.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Health Lessons, Book 1

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Health Lessons, Book 1 is here in full — 109 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.
Line 2
In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.
/ɪn ˈɔːrdər ðæt ɔːl meɪ wɜːrk təˈɡeðər ənd iːtʃ wʌn duː ɪts pɑːrt wen ˈniːdəd ðer ɪz ə tʃiːf ˈmænədʒər kɔːld ðə breɪn ənd ə ˈhelpɪŋ ˈmænədʒər neɪmd ðə ˈspaɪnəl kɔːrd/
Line 3
Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.
/ˈmɪljənz ʌv ˈtaɪni θredz fɔːr ˈsendɪŋ ˈmesədʒəz kəˈnekt ðə tuː ˈmænədʒərz wɪð ˈevəri pɑːrt ʌv ðə ˈbɑːdi/
Line 4
These threads form the _nerves_.
/ðiːz θredz fɔːrm ðə nɜːrvz/
Line 5
=The Brain.=--The brain is a soft bunch of matter filling the inside of the skull.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

connect verb US /kəˈnekt/

connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces

From this reading “Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.”

governed noun US /ˈɡʌvərnd/

the body of people who are citizens of a particular government

From this reading “HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.”

managers noun US /ˈmænədʒərz/

plural of “manager” — someone who controls resources and expenditures

From this reading “Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.”

messages noun US /ˈmesədʒəz/

plural of “message” — a communication (usually brief) that is written or spoken or signaled

From this reading “Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.”

organs noun US /ˈɔːrɡənz/

edible viscera of a butchered animal

From this reading “HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.”

skull noun US /skʌl/

the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates

From this reading “=The Brain.=--The brain is a soft bunch of matter filling the inside of the skull.”

spinal noun US /ˈspaɪnəl/

anesthesia of the lower half of the body; caused by injury to the spinal cord or by injecting an anesthetic beneath the arachnoid membrane that surrounds the spinal cord

threads noun US /θredz/

informal terms for clothing

From this reading “Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sending messages noun + noun counted as “sending message”

In this reading “Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.”

In order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.”

connect the two verb + article + noun counted as “connect … two”

In this reading “Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.”

work together verb + particle

In this reading “In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

BODYnounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

brainnounUS /breɪn/

that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

bunchnounUS /bʌntʃ/

a grouping of a number of similar things

From this reading =The Brain.=--The brain is a soft bunch of matter filling the inside of the skull.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

connectverbUS /kəˈnekt/

connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces

From this reading Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.

cordnounUS /kɔːrd/

a line made of twisted fibers or threads

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

EachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.

fillingnounUS /ˈfɪlɪŋ/

any material that fills a space or container

From this reading =The Brain.=--The brain is a soft bunch of matter filling the inside of the skull.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading These threads form the _nerves_.

GOVERNEDnounUS /ˈɡʌvərnd/

the body of people who are citizens of a particular government

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

helpingnounUS /ˈhelpɪŋ/

an individual quantity of food or drink taken as part of a meal

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

hundredsnounUS /ˈhʌndrədz/

plural of “hundred” — ten 10s

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

insideadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on the side closer to the center or within a defined space

From this reading =The Brain.=--The brain is a soft bunch of matter filling the inside of the skull.

ISauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

MakingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

managernounUS /ˈmænədʒər/

someone who controls resources and expenditures

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

managersnounUS /ˈmænədʒərz/

plural of “manager” — someone who controls resources and expenditures

From this reading Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading =The Brain.=--The brain is a soft bunch of matter filling the inside of the skull.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

messagesnounUS /ˈmesədʒəz/

plural of “message” — a communication (usually brief) that is written or spoken or signaled

From this reading Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.

MillionsnounUS /ˈmɪljənz/

plural of “million” — the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

neededadjectiveUS /ˈniːdəd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

nervesnounUS /nɜːrvz/

an uneasy psychological state

From this reading These threads form the _nerves_.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

organsnounUS /ˈɔːrɡənz/

edible viscera of a butchered animal

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

PartsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

sendingnounUS /ˈsendɪŋ/

the act of causing something to go (especially messages)

From this reading Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.

skullnounUS /skʌl/

the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates

From this reading =The Brain.=--The brain is a soft bunch of matter filling the inside of the skull.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading =The Brain.=--The brain is a soft bunch of matter filling the inside of the skull.

spinalnounUS /ˈspaɪnəl/

anesthesia of the lower half of the body; caused by injury to the spinal cord or by injecting an anesthetic beneath the arachnoid membrane that surrounds the spinal cord

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These threads form the _nerves_.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

threadsnounUS /θredz/

informal terms for clothing

From this reading Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

tinyadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪni/

very small

From this reading Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In order that all may work together and each one do its part when needed, there is a chief manager called the _brain_ and a helping manager named the _spinal cord_.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Millions of tiny threads for sending messages connect the two managers with every part of the body.

WorkverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading HOW THE BODY IS GOVERNED =Making the Parts of the Body Work.=--Each of the hundreds of organs in the body has a certain work to do and this must be done at the right time.

Chapter 20 of Health Lessons, Book 1 by Alvin Davison holds 109 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Health Lessons, Book 1 contain?

Chapter 20 holds 109 sentences of Health Lessons, Book 1, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Health Lessons, Book 1 by Alvin Davison exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 109 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Health Lessons, Book 1?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Health Lessons, Book 1

Common questions about reading Health Lessons, Book 1 by Alvin Davison on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Health Lessons, Book 1?

Yes. All 2420 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31616 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Health Lessons, Book 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31616, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Health Lessons, Book 1 take to read?

About 201 minutes of reading across 484 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Health Lessons, Book 1 section by section

How to work through Health Lessons, Book 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of Health Lessons, Book 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Health Lessons, Book 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Health Lessons, Book 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Entered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Health Lessons, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stationers'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Health Lessons, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Health Lessons, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scarcely
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Health Lessons, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.