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Health Lessons, Book 1
Health Lessons, Book 1

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Health Lessons, Book 1 is here in full — 98 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Health Lessons, Book 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.
Alcoholic drinks, tobacco, opium, soothing sirups, and pain killers are narcotics.
A _stimulant_ is a substance which makes the organs of the body do more and quicker work and does not later make the organs work more slowly.
Coffee and tea are stimulants.
Beer, wine, and whisky were once thought to be stimulants, but experiments have shown them to be narcotics.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Health Lessons, Book 1

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Health Lessons, Book 1 is here in full — 98 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.
Line 2
Alcoholic drinks, tobacco, opium, soothing sirups, and pain killers are narcotics.
Line 3
A _stimulant_ is a substance which makes the organs of the body do more and quicker work and does not later make the organs work more slowly.
/ə ˈstɪmjələnt ɪz ə ˈsʌbstəns wɪtʃ meɪks ðə ˈɔːrɡənz ʌv ðə ˈbɑːdi duː mɔːr ənd ˈkwɪkər wɜːrk ənd dʌz nɑːt ˈleɪtər meɪk ðə ˈɔːrɡənz wɜːrk mɔːr ˈsloʊli/
Line 4
Coffee and tea are stimulants.
/ˈkɑːfi ənd tiː ɑːr ˈstɪmjələnts/
Line 5
Beer, wine, and whisky were once thought to be stimulants, but experiments have shown them to be narcotics.
/bɪr waɪn ənd ˈwɪski wɜːr wʌns θɔːt tuː biː ˈstɪmjələnts bʌt ɪkˈsperəmənts hæv ʃoʊn ðem tuː biː nɑːrˈkɑːtɪks/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Alcoholic adjective US /ˌælkəˈhɑːlɪk/

characteristic of or containing alcohol

From this reading “Alcoholic drinks, tobacco, opium, soothing sirups, and pain killers are narcotics.”

killers noun US /ˈkɪlərz/

plural of “killer” — someone who causes the death of a person or animal

From this reading “Alcoholic drinks, tobacco, opium, soothing sirups, and pain killers are narcotics.”

narcotic adjective US /nɑːrˈkɑːtɪk/

of or relating to or designating narcotics

narcotics noun US /nɑːrˈkɑːtɪks/

plural of “narcotic” — a drug that produces numbness or stupor; often taken for pleasure or to reduce pain; extensive use can lead to addiction

From this reading “HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.”

sleepiness noun US /ˈsliːpinəs/

a very sleepy state

From this reading “HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.”

stimulant noun US /ˈstɪmjələnt/

any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action

stimulants noun US /ˈstɪmjələnts/

plural of “stimulant” — any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action

From this reading “HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.”

tends verb US /tendz/

third-person singular of “tend” — have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading “HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

AFFECTverbUS /əˈfekt/

have an effect upon

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

AlcoholicadjectiveUS /ˌælkəˈhɑːlɪk/

characteristic of or containing alcohol

From this reading Alcoholic drinks, tobacco, opium, soothing sirups, and pain killers are narcotics.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

Areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Beer, wine, and whisky were once thought to be stimulants, but experiments have shown them to be narcotics.

BeernounUS /bɪr/

a general name for alcoholic beverages made by fermenting a cereal (or mixture of cereals) flavored with hops

From this reading Beer, wine, and whisky were once thought to be stimulants, but experiments have shown them to be narcotics.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

BRAINnounUS /breɪn/

that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Beer, wine, and whisky were once thought to be stimulants, but experiments have shown them to be narcotics.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

CoffeenounUS /ˈkɑːfi/

a beverage consisting of an infusion of ground coffee beans

From this reading Coffee and tea are stimulants.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A _stimulant_ is a substance which makes the organs of the body do more and quicker work and does not later make the organs work more slowly.

drinksnounUS /drɪŋks/

plural of “drink” — a single serving of a beverage

From this reading Alcoholic drinks, tobacco, opium, soothing sirups, and pain killers are narcotics.

experimentsnounUS /ɪkˈsperəmənts/

plural of “experiment” — the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading Beer, wine, and whisky were once thought to be stimulants, but experiments have shown them to be narcotics.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Beer, wine, and whisky were once thought to be stimulants, but experiments have shown them to be narcotics.

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

killersnounUS /ˈkɪlərz/

plural of “killer” — someone who causes the death of a person or animal

From this reading Alcoholic drinks, tobacco, opium, soothing sirups, and pain killers are narcotics.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading A _stimulant_ is a substance which makes the organs of the body do more and quicker work and does not later make the organs work more slowly.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading A _stimulant_ is a substance which makes the organs of the body do more and quicker work and does not later make the organs work more slowly.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

narcoticadjectiveUS /nɑːrˈkɑːtɪk/

of or relating to or designating narcotics

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

NARCOTICSnounUS /nɑːrˈkɑːtɪks/

plural of “narcotic” — a drug that produces numbness or stupor; often taken for pleasure or to reduce pain; extensive use can lead to addiction

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

NERVESnounUS /nɜːrvz/

an uneasy psychological state

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading A _stimulant_ is a substance which makes the organs of the body do more and quicker work and does not later make the organs work more slowly.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A _stimulant_ is a substance which makes the organs of the body do more and quicker work and does not later make the organs work more slowly.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Beer, wine, and whisky were once thought to be stimulants, but experiments have shown them to be narcotics.

opiumnounUS /ˈoʊpiəm/

an addictive narcotic extracted from seed capsules of the opium poppy

From this reading Alcoholic drinks, tobacco, opium, soothing sirups, and pain killers are narcotics.

organsnounUS /ˈɔːrɡənz/

edible viscera of a butchered animal

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

painnounUS /peɪn/

a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder

From this reading Alcoholic drinks, tobacco, opium, soothing sirups, and pain killers are narcotics.

quickeradverbUS /ˈkwɪkər/

more quickly

From this reading A _stimulant_ is a substance which makes the organs of the body do more and quicker work and does not later make the organs work more slowly.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Beer, wine, and whisky were once thought to be stimulants, but experiments have shown them to be narcotics.

sirups

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alcoholic drinks, tobacco, opium, soothing sirups, and pain killers are narcotics.

sleepinessnounUS /ˈsliːpinəs/

a very sleepy state

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

soothingadjectiveUS /ˈsuːðɪŋ/

affording physical relief

From this reading Alcoholic drinks, tobacco, opium, soothing sirups, and pain killers are narcotics.

stimulantnounUS /ˈstɪmjələnt/

any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action

From this reading A _stimulant_ is a substance which makes the organs of the body do more and quicker work and does not later make the organs work more slowly.

STIMULANTSnounUS /ˈstɪmjələnts/

plural of “stimulant” — any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

substancenounUS /ˈsʌbstəns/

the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists

From this reading A _stimulant_ is a substance which makes the organs of the body do more and quicker work and does not later make the organs work more slowly.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

teanounUS /tiː/

a beverage made by steeping tea leaves in water

From this reading Coffee and tea are stimulants.

tendsverbUS /tendz/

third-person singular of “tend” — have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Beer, wine, and whisky were once thought to be stimulants, but experiments have shown them to be narcotics.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Beer, wine, and whisky were once thought to be stimulants, but experiments have shown them to be narcotics.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

tobacconounUS /təˈbækoʊ/

leaves of the tobacco plant dried and prepared for smoking or ingestion

From this reading Alcoholic drinks, tobacco, opium, soothing sirups, and pain killers are narcotics.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Beer, wine, and whisky were once thought to be stimulants, but experiments have shown them to be narcotics.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

whiskynounUS /ˈwɪski/

a liquor made from fermented mash of grain

From this reading Beer, wine, and whisky were once thought to be stimulants, but experiments have shown them to be narcotics.

winenounUS /waɪn/

fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading Beer, wine, and whisky were once thought to be stimulants, but experiments have shown them to be narcotics.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading HOW NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS AFFECT THE BRAIN AND NERVES =What Narcotics and Stimulants Are.=--A _narcotic_ is something which when taken into the body makes the organs do their work more slowly and tends to cause sleepiness.

Chapter 21 of Health Lessons, Book 1 by Alvin Davison holds 98 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Health Lessons, Book 1 contain?

Chapter 21 holds 98 sentences of Health Lessons, Book 1, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Health Lessons, Book 1 by Alvin Davison exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 98 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Health Lessons, Book 1?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Health Lessons, Book 1

Common questions about reading Health Lessons, Book 1 by Alvin Davison on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Health Lessons, Book 1?

Yes. All 2420 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31616 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Health Lessons, Book 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31616, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Health Lessons, Book 1 take to read?

About 201 minutes of reading across 484 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Health Lessons, Book 1 section by section

How to work through Health Lessons, Book 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of Health Lessons, Book 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Health Lessons, Book 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Health Lessons, Book 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Entered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Health Lessons, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stationers'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Health Lessons, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Health Lessons, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scarcely
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Health Lessons, Book 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.