Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Healthful Sports for Boys
Healthful Sports for Boys

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of Healthful Sports for Boys is here in full — 47 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Healthful Sports for Boys
Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.
The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.
This was dressed, then sawed down the middle, so as to make the two runners.
Through each runner six holes were bored from the top, each pair of holes about two inches apart.
Into the holes were driven wooden pegs to hold the three benches.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Healthful Sports for Boys

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of Healthful Sports for Boys is here in full — 47 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.
Line 2
The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.
Line 3
This was dressed, then sawed down the middle, so as to make the two runners.
/ðɪs wɑːz drest ðen sɔːd daʊn ðə ˈmɪdəl soʊ æz tuː meɪk ðə tuː ˈrʌnərz/
Line 4
Through each runner six holes were bored from the top, each pair of holes about two inches apart.
/θruː iːtʃ ˈrʌnər sɪks hoʊlz wɜːr bɔːrd frʌm ðə tɑːp iːtʃ per ʌv hoʊlz əˈbaʊt tuː ˈɪntʃəz əˈpɑːrt/
Line 5
Into the holes were driven wooden pegs to hold the three benches.
/ˈɪntuː ðə hoʊlz wɜːr ˈdrɪvən ˈwʊdən peɡz tuː hoʊld ðə θriː ˈbentʃɪz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

coasting verb US /ˈkoʊstɪŋ/

-ing form of “coast” — move effortlessly; by force of gravity

From this reading “COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.”

effectively adverb US /ɪˈfektɪvli/

in an effective manner

From this reading “COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.”

pegs noun US /peɡz/

plural of “peg” — a wooden pin pushed or driven into a surface

From this reading “Into the holes were driven wooden pegs to hold the three benches.”

runner noun US /ˈrʌnər/

someone who imports or exports without paying duties

From this reading “Through each runner six holes were bored from the top, each pair of holes about two inches apart.”

runners noun US /ˈrʌnərz/

plural of “runner” — someone who imports or exports without paying duties

From this reading “This was dressed, then sawed down the middle, so as to make the two runners.”

sawed verb US /sɔːd/

past form of “saw” — cut with a saw

From this reading “This was dressed, then sawed down the middle, so as to make the two runners.”

sleds noun US /sledz/

plural of “sled” — a vehicle mounted on runners and pulled by horses or dogs; for transportation over snow

From this reading “COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.”

toboggan noun US /təˈbɑːɡən/

a long narrow sled without runners; boards curve upward in front

From this reading “COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Through each runner six holes were bored from the top, each pair of holes about two inches apart.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

apartadverbUS /əˈpɑːrt/

separated or at a distance in place or position or time

From this reading Through each runner six holes were bored from the top, each pair of holes about two inches apart.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

beechnounUS /biːtʃ/

any of several large deciduous trees with rounded spreading crowns and smooth grey bark and small sweet edible triangular nuts enclosed in burs; north temperate regions

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

benchesnounUS /ˈbentʃɪz/

plural of “bench” — a long seat for more than one person

From this reading Into the holes were driven wooden pegs to hold the three benches.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

boredadjectiveUS /bɔːrd/

tired of the world

From this reading Through each runner six holes were bored from the top, each pair of holes about two inches apart.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

COASTINGverbUS /ˈkoʊstɪŋ/

-ing form of “coast” — move effortlessly; by force of gravity

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

curvenounUS /kɜːrv/

the trace of a point whose direction of motion changes

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

cuttingnounUS /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

the activity of selecting the scenes to be shown and putting them together to create a film

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading This was dressed, then sawed down the middle, so as to make the two runners.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading Into the holes were driven wooden pegs to hold the three benches.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Through each runner six holes were bored from the top, each pair of holes about two inches apart.

effectivelyadverbUS /ɪˈfektɪvli/

in an effective manner

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Through each runner six holes were bored from the top, each pair of holes about two inches apart.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Into the holes were driven wooden pegs to hold the three benches.

holesnounUS /hoʊlz/

plural of “hole” — an opening into or through something

From this reading Through each runner six holes were bored from the top, each pair of holes about two inches apart.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

inchesnounUS /ˈɪntʃəz/

plural of “inch” — a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot

From this reading Through each runner six holes were bored from the top, each pair of holes about two inches apart.

IntoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Into the holes were driven wooden pegs to hold the three benches.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

KINDSnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

LongadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

machine-madeadjective

made by machine

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading This was dressed, then sawed down the middle, so as to make the two runners.

MANYadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

maplenounUS /ˈmeɪpəl/

wood of any of various maple trees; especially the hard close-grained wood of the sugar maple; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

marketnounUS /ˈmɑːrkət/

the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading This was dressed, then sawed down the middle, so as to make the two runners.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

oaknounUS /oʊk/

the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

old-timeadjective

attractively old-fashioned (but not necessarily authentic)

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

pairnounUS /per/

a set of two similar things considered as a unit

From this reading Through each runner six holes were bored from the top, each pair of holes about two inches apart.

pegsnounUS /peɡz/

plural of “peg” — a wooden pin pushed or driven into a surface

From this reading Into the holes were driven wooden pegs to hold the three benches.

promisingadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːməsɪŋ/

showing possibility of achievement or excellence

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

rivalverbUS /ˈraɪvəl/

be equal to in quality or ability

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

rootnounUS /ruːt/

(botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

runnernounUS /ˈrʌnər/

someone who imports or exports without paying duties

From this reading Through each runner six holes were bored from the top, each pair of holes about two inches apart.

runnersnounUS /ˈrʌnərz/

plural of “runner” — someone who imports or exports without paying duties

From this reading This was dressed, then sawed down the middle, so as to make the two runners.

sawedverbUS /sɔːd/

past form of “saw” — cut with a saw

From this reading This was dressed, then sawed down the middle, so as to make the two runners.

sightlyadjective

very pleasing to the eye

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading Through each runner six holes were bored from the top, each pair of holes about two inches apart.

slednounUS /sled/

a vehicle mounted on runners and pulled by horses or dogs; for transportation over snow

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

sled-maker

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

SLEDSnounUS /sledz/

plural of “sled” — a vehicle mounted on runners and pulled by horses or dogs; for transportation over snow

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading This was dressed, then sawed down the middle, so as to make the two runners.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Into the holes were driven wooden pegs to hold the three benches.

ThroughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Through each runner six holes were bored from the top, each pair of holes about two inches apart.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This was dressed, then sawed down the middle, so as to make the two runners.

TOBOGGANnounUS /təˈbɑːɡən/

a long narrow sled without runners; boards curve upward in front

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading Through each runner six holes were bored from the top, each pair of holes about two inches apart.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading This was dressed, then sawed down the middle, so as to make the two runners.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading COASTING; SLEDS OF MANY KINDS--THE TOBOGGAN Long before the strong, light, machine-made sled was put on the market or even thought of, the American boy was his own sled-maker, and if this sled was not so sightly, it certainly got there as effectively as does its modern rival.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The best of the old-time sleds were made by cutting down a small oak, beech, or maple tree that had a promising curve at the root.

woodenadjectiveUS /ˈwʊdən/

made or consisting of (entirely or in part) or employing wood

From this reading Into the holes were driven wooden pegs to hold the three benches.

Chapter 19 of Healthful Sports for Boys by A. R. (Alfred Rochefort) Calhoun holds 47 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of Healthful Sports for Boys contain?

Chapter 19 holds 47 sentences of Healthful Sports for Boys, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of Healthful Sports for Boys by A. R. (Alfred Rochefort) Calhoun exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 47 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of Healthful Sports for Boys?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Healthful Sports for Boys

Common questions about reading Healthful Sports for Boys by A. R. (Alfred Rochefort) Calhoun on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Healthful Sports for Boys?

Yes. All 1893 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6129 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Healthful Sports for Boys is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6129, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Healthful Sports for Boys take to read?

About 157 minutes of reading across 379 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Healthful Sports for Boys section by section

How to work through Healthful Sports for Boys section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Healthful Sports for Boys to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Healthful Sports for Boys

Words and structures a reader meets early in Healthful Sports for Boys, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Clever
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Healthful Sports for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tricks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Healthful Sports for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vanishing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Healthful Sports for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Feats
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Healthful Sports for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.