Chapter IX

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading And the loss of her faithful and whole-hearted sympathy was to her almost as the loss of a part of herself.

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Old Marya had had to be left behind.

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Old Marya had had to be left behind.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

-ing form of “bump” — knock against with force or violence

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

ruined by overcooking

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

of textures that are rough to the touch or substances consisting of relatively large particles

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

a person serving a sentence in a jail or prison

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

plural of “convict” — a person serving a sentence in a jail or prison

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

inflected form of “cry” — utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

having a defect

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

a state in which all hope is lost or absent

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

to the same degree (often followed by “as”)

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

steadfast in affection or allegiance

From this reading And the loss of her faithful and whole-hearted sympathy was to her almost as the loss of a part of herself.

characterized by intense emotion

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

disgustingly dirty; filled or smeared with offensive matter

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Old Marya had had to be left behind.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

-ing form of “herd” — cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading And the loss of her faithful and whole-hearted sympathy was to her almost as the loss of a part of herself.

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

where you live at a particular time

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

plural of “horror” — intense and profound fear

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

with unflagging resolve

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

an Asian river that rises in the Altai Mountains in northern China and flows generally northwest to become a tributary of the Ob River

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

friendliness evidence by a kindly and helpful disposition

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Old Marya had had to be left behind.

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

something that is lost

From this reading And the loss of her faithful and whole-hearted sympathy was to her almost as the loss of a part of herself.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Old Marya had had to be left behind.

plural of “mother” — a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

not any; not one

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

a major river of western Siberia; flows generally northward and westward to the Gulf of Ob and the Kara Sea

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Old Marya had had to be left behind.

above and across; more than

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading And the loss of her faithful and whole-hearted sympathy was to her almost as the loss of a part of herself.

belonging to or inherited from one's father

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

not selective of a single class or person

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

past form of “recall” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

cut short

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

shake, as from cold

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

a native or inhabitant of Siberia

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

inflected form of “sleep” — be asleep

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

lacking in elasticity or vitality

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion

From this reading And the loss of her faithful and whole-hearted sympathy was to her almost as the loss of a part of herself.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

past form of “tend” — have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

from that place or that time

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

up to a particular time

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

experiencing intense pain especially mental pain

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

something that serves as a means of transportation

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

plural of “trial” — the act of testing something

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

not shrinking from danger

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

not ventilated

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

a mountain range in western Russia extending from the Arctic to the Caspian Sea; forms part of the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

precisely as stated

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

a Russian river; the longest river in Europe; flows into the Caspian Sea

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

in or at the place that

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And the loss of her faithful and whole-hearted sympathy was to her almost as the loss of a part of herself.

in the company of; together with

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading HOW HOPE SHORTENED THE LONG ROAD In spite of her high courage and fervent spirit, Hope Palma never recalled without a shudder the horrors of that long journey down the Volga, over the Urals, down the Irtish and up the Ob, to Tomsk, and thence along the great Siberian road to Irkutsk.

plural of “wife” — a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading The paternal Government provided transport, such as it was, for convicts' wives and children, but Marya had no such claim, and with unflinching kindliness Hope had sent her home to her own people.

inflected form of “wake” — be awake, be alert, be there

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The physical trials of the road, the defective supply of coarse food, the bone-bruising bumping of the springless telégas, the promiscuous herding at night in the filthy, unventilated étapes--the convict stage-houses--where the tortured children cried incessantly till they slept and sometimes never woke, and the equally tortured mothers tended them in stony despair--these things burnt themselves into her very soul, and would have broken a less courageous spirit.