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Hearts of Oak
Hearts of Oak

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Hearts of Oak is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Hearts of Oak
Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
BOMBARDING CADIZ--A MADCAP EXPEDITION.
Nelson was off Lagos Bay in the middle of March of this year, '97.
"I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.
Two first-rates and a 74 are with him; but the bigger the ships the better the mark."
Nelson, however, thought the Spanish ships were the finest in the world; but he added:
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Hearts of Oak

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Hearts of Oak is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BOMBARDING CADIZ--A MADCAP EXPEDITION.
Line 2
Nelson was off Lagos Bay in the middle of March of this year, '97.
Line 3
"I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.
/aɪ æm hiːr hiː roʊt tuː ə frend ˈlʊkɪŋ fɔːr ðə ˈvaɪsrɔɪ ʌv ˈmeksəkoʊ wɪð θriː seɪl ʌv ðə laɪn ənd hoʊp tuː miːt hɪm/
Line 4
Two first-rates and a 74 are with him; but the bigger the ships the better the mark."
Line 5
Nelson, however, thought the Spanish ships were the finest in the world; but he added:
/ˈnelsən ˌhaʊˈevər θɔːt ðə ˈspænɪʃ ʃɪps wɜːr ðə ˈfaɪnəst ɪn ðə wɜːrld bʌt hiː ˈædəd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bigger adjective US /ˈbɪɡər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading “Two first-rates and a 74 are with him; but the bigger the ships the better the mark."”

bombarding verb US /bɑːmˈbɑːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “bombard” — cast, hurl, or throw repeatedly with some missile

From this reading “BOMBARDING CADIZ--A MADCAP EXPEDITION.”

cadiz noun US /kəˈdiːz/

an ancient port city in southwestern Spain

From this reading “BOMBARDING CADIZ--A MADCAP EXPEDITION.”

Lagos noun US /ˈleɪɡɔːs/

chief port and economic center of Nigeria; located in southwestern Nigeria on the Gulf of Guinea; former capital of Nigeria

From this reading “Nelson was off Lagos Bay in the middle of March of this year, '97.”

madcap noun US /ˈmædkæp/

a reckless impetuous irresponsible person

From this reading “BOMBARDING CADIZ--A MADCAP EXPEDITION.”

Mexico noun US /ˈmeksəkoʊ/

a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810

From this reading “"I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.”

Nelson noun US /ˈnelsən/

English admiral who defeated the French fleets of Napoleon but was mortally wounded at Trafalgar (1758-1805)

From this reading “Nelson was off Lagos Bay in the middle of March of this year, '97.”

Viceroy noun US /ˈvaɪsrɔɪ/

governor of a country or province who rules as the representative of his or her king or sovereign

From this reading “"I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

in the middle preposition + article + noun counted as “in … middle”

In this reading “Nelson was off Lagos Bay in the middle of March of this year, '97.”

in the world preposition + article + noun counted as “in … world”

In this reading “Nelson, however, thought the Spanish ships were the finest in the world; but he added:”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

74

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two first-rates and a 74 are with him; but the bigger the ships the better the mark."

97

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nelson was off Lagos Bay in the middle of March of this year, '97.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading BOMBARDING CADIZ--A MADCAP EXPEDITION.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading Nelson, however, thought the Spanish ships were the finest in the world; but he added:

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Two first-rates and a 74 are with him; but the bigger the ships the better the mark."

BaynounUS /beɪ/

an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading Nelson was off Lagos Bay in the middle of March of this year, '97.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Two first-rates and a 74 are with him; but the bigger the ships the better the mark."

biggeradjectiveUS /ˈbɪɡər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading Two first-rates and a 74 are with him; but the bigger the ships the better the mark."

BOMBARDINGverbUS /bɑːmˈbɑːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “bombard” — cast, hurl, or throw repeatedly with some missile

From this reading BOMBARDING CADIZ--A MADCAP EXPEDITION.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Two first-rates and a 74 are with him; but the bigger the ships the better the mark."

CADIZnounUS /kəˈdiːz/

an ancient port city in southwestern Spain

From this reading BOMBARDING CADIZ--A MADCAP EXPEDITION.

EXPEDITIONnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading BOMBARDING CADIZ--A MADCAP EXPEDITION.

finestadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəst/

superlative of “fine” — being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading Nelson, however, thought the Spanish ships were the finest in the world; but he added:

first-rates

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two first-rates and a 74 are with him; but the bigger the ships the better the mark."

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Nelson, however, thought the Spanish ships were the finest in the world; but he added:

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Nelson was off Lagos Bay in the middle of March of this year, '97.

LagosnounUS /ˈleɪɡɔːs/

chief port and economic center of Nigeria; located in southwestern Nigeria on the Gulf of Guinea; former capital of Nigeria

From this reading Nelson was off Lagos Bay in the middle of March of this year, '97.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

MADCAPnounUS /ˈmædkæp/

a reckless impetuous irresponsible person

From this reading BOMBARDING CADIZ--A MADCAP EXPEDITION.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading Nelson was off Lagos Bay in the middle of March of this year, '97.

markverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading Two first-rates and a 74 are with him; but the bigger the ships the better the mark."

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

MexiconounUS /ˈmeksəkoʊ/

a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading Nelson was off Lagos Bay in the middle of March of this year, '97.

NelsonnounUS /ˈnelsən/

English admiral who defeated the French fleets of Napoleon but was mortally wounded at Trafalgar (1758-1805)

From this reading Nelson was off Lagos Bay in the middle of March of this year, '97.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Nelson was off Lagos Bay in the middle of March of this year, '97.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Nelson was off Lagos Bay in the middle of March of this year, '97.

sailverbUS /seɪl/

traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading Two first-rates and a 74 are with him; but the bigger the ships the better the mark."

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading Nelson, however, thought the Spanish ships were the finest in the world; but he added:

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Nelson was off Lagos Bay in the middle of March of this year, '97.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Nelson was off Lagos Bay in the middle of March of this year, '97.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Nelson, however, thought the Spanish ships were the finest in the world; but he added:

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Two first-rates and a 74 are with him; but the bigger the ships the better the mark."

ViceroynounUS /ˈvaɪsrɔɪ/

governor of a country or province who rules as the representative of his or her king or sovereign

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Nelson was off Lagos Bay in the middle of March of this year, '97.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Nelson, however, thought the Spanish ships were the finest in the world; but he added:

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Nelson, however, thought the Spanish ships were the finest in the world; but he added:

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading "I am here," he wrote to a friend, "looking for the Viceroy of Mexico, with three sail of the line, and hope to meet him.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Nelson was off Lagos Bay in the middle of March of this year, '97.

Chapter 20 of Hearts of Oak by Gordon Stables holds 145 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Hearts of Oak contain?

Chapter 20 holds 145 sentences of Hearts of Oak, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Hearts of Oak by Gordon Stables exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 145 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Hearts of Oak?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Hearts of Oak

Common questions about reading Hearts of Oak by Gordon Stables on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Hearts of Oak?

Yes. All 4470 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75979 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Hearts of Oak is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75979, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Hearts of Oak take to read?

About 372 minutes of reading across 894 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Hearts of Oak section by section

How to work through Hearts of Oak section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of Hearts of Oak to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Hearts of Oak

Words and structures a reader meets early in Hearts of Oak, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Wreck
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hearts of Oak; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gorton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hearts of Oak; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sands
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hearts of Oak; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sailors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hearts of Oak; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.