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Heather and Snow
Heather and Snow

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Heather and Snow is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Heather and Snow
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.
She glanced at him now and then, but would not seem to notice him much.
He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, Kirsty?’
Ay; what is’t, Francie?’ returned Kirsty.
Is’t yersel, Kirsty?’ he said.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Heather and Snow

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Heather and Snow is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.
Line 2
She glanced at him now and then, but would not seem to notice him much.
/ʃiː ɡlænst æt hɪm naʊ ənd ðen bʌt wʊd nɑːt siːm tuː ˈnoʊtəs hɪm mʌtʃ/
Line 3
He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’
Line 4
Ay; what is’t, Francie?’ returned Kirsty.
Line 5
Is’t yersel, Kirsty?’ he said.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

doubtful adjective US /ˈdaʊtfəl/

open to doubt or suspicion

From this reading “He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’”

elbow noun US /ˈelboʊ/

hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm and the corresponding joint in the forelimb of a quadruped

From this reading “FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.”

fixed adjective US /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading “FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.”

gazed verb US /ɡeɪzd/

past form of “gaze” — look at with fixed eyes

From this reading “He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’”

glanced verb US /ɡlænst/

past form of “glance” — throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading “She glanced at him now and then, but would not seem to notice him much.”

notice noun US /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading “She glanced at him now and then, but would not seem to notice him much.”

sitting noun US /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading “FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.”

timid adjective US /ˈtɪmɪd/

showing fear and lack of confidence

From this reading “He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading She glanced at him now and then, but would not seem to notice him much.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading She glanced at him now and then, but would not seem to notice him much.

Ay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ‘Ay; what is’t, Francie?’ returned Kirsty.

besideprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪd/

next to; at the side of

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading She glanced at him now and then, but would not seem to notice him much.

COMESnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

doubtfuladjectiveUS /ˈdaʊtfəl/

open to doubt or suspicion

From this reading He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

elbownounUS /ˈelboʊ/

hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm and the corresponding joint in the forelimb of a quadruped

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

fixedadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’

Francie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ‘Ay; what is’t, Francie?’ returned Kirsty.

FRANCIS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

gazedverbUS /ɡeɪzd/

past form of “gaze” — look at with fixed eyes

From this reading He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

glancedverbUS /ɡlænst/

past form of “glance” — throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading She glanced at him now and then, but would not seem to notice him much.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

HIMSELFpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’

is't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ‘Ay; what is’t, Francie?’ returned Kirsty.

Kirsty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’

minutesnounUS /ˈmɪnəts/

a written account of what transpired at a meeting

From this reading He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading She glanced at him now and then, but would not seem to notice him much.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading She glanced at him now and then, but would not seem to notice him much.

noticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading She glanced at him now and then, but would not seem to notice him much.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading She glanced at him now and then, but would not seem to notice him much.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading ‘Ay; what is’t, Francie?’ returned Kirsty.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading She glanced at him now and then, but would not seem to notice him much.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She glanced at him now and then, but would not seem to notice him much.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’

timidadjectiveUS /ˈtɪmɪd/

showing fear and lack of confidence

From this reading He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading He gazed for two or three minutes, and then said, in a low, doubtful, almost timid, voice, ‘Kirsty?’

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading ‘Ay; what is’t, Francie?’ returned Kirsty.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading FRANCIS COMES TO HIMSELF One morning, Kirsty sitting beside him, Francis started to his elbow as if to get up, then seeing her, lay down again with his eyes fixed upon her.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading She glanced at him now and then, but would not seem to notice him much.

yersel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ‘Is’t yersel, Kirsty?’ he said.

Chapter 31 of Heather and Snow by George MacDonald holds 92 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Heather and Snow contain?

Chapter 31 holds 92 sentences of Heather and Snow, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Heather and Snow by George MacDonald exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 92 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Heather and Snow?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Heather and Snow

Common questions about reading Heather and Snow by George MacDonald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Heather and Snow?

Yes. All 3680 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9155 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Heather and Snow is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9155, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Heather and Snow take to read?

About 306 minutes of reading across 736 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Heather and Snow section by section

How to work through Heather and Snow section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Heather and Snow to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Heather and Snow

Words and structures a reader meets early in Heather and Snow, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Francis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Heather and Snow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thinking
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Heather and Snow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kirsty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Heather and Snow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wishing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Heather and Snow; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.