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Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III
Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III is here in full — 183 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III
Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.
"Anhalt has been defeated under the walls of Prague--totally defeated!
How could it be otherwise?
Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"
"What more?" asked Oberntraut, who stood before him with a stern but calm brow.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III is here in full — 183 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.
Line 2
"Anhalt has been defeated under the walls of Prague--totally defeated!
Line 3
How could it be otherwise?
Line 4
Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"
Line 5
"What more?" asked Oberntraut, who stood before him with a stern but calm brow.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Austrians noun US /ˈɔːstriənz/

plural of “austrian” — a native or inhabitant of Austria

From this reading “Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"”

defeated adjective US /dɪˈfiːtəd/

beaten or overcome; not victorious

From this reading “"Anhalt has been defeated under the walls of Prague--totally defeated!”

herds noun US /hɜːrdz/

plural of “herd” — a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans

From this reading “Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"”

Prague noun US /prɑːɡ/

the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic in the western part of the country; a cultural and commercial center since the 14th century

From this reading “"Anhalt has been defeated under the walls of Prague--totally defeated!”

raw adjective US /rɑː/

(used especially of commodities) being unprocessed or manufactured using only simple or minimal processes

From this reading “Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"”

recruits noun US /rəˈkruːts/

plural of “recruit” — a recently enlisted soldier

From this reading “Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"”

thirty-five adjective US /ˈθɜːrdifaɪv/

being five more than thirty

From this reading “Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"”

totally adverb US /ˈtoʊtəli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading “"Anhalt has been defeated under the walls of Prague--totally defeated!”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Fifty thousand noun + noun

In this reading “Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"”

thirty-five thousand adjective + noun

In this reading “Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"”

stood before verb + particle

In this reading “"What more?" asked Oberntraut, who stood before him with a stern but calm brow.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"

Anhalt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Anhalt has been defeated under the walls of Prague--totally defeated!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading "What more?" asked Oberntraut, who stood before him with a stern but calm brow.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

AustriansnounUS /ˈɔːstriənz/

plural of “austrian” — a native or inhabitant of Austria

From this reading Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"

Bavarians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading How could it be otherwise?

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading "Anhalt has been defeated under the walls of Prague--totally defeated!

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading "What more?" asked Oberntraut, who stood before him with a stern but calm brow.

brownounUS /braʊ/

the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading "What more?" asked Oberntraut, who stood before him with a stern but calm brow.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "What more?" asked Oberntraut, who stood before him with a stern but calm brow.

calmverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading "What more?" asked Oberntraut, who stood before him with a stern but calm brow.

citizensnounUS /ˈsɪtəzənz/

plural of “citizen” — a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"

ColonelnounUS /ˈkɜːrnəl/

a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading How could it be otherwise?

criedverbUS /kraɪd/

inflected form of “cry” — utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

defeatedadjectiveUS /dɪˈfiːtəd/

beaten or overcome; not victorious

From this reading "Anhalt has been defeated under the walls of Prague--totally defeated!

EvilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

FiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Anhalt has been defeated under the walls of Prague--totally defeated!

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

Heidelberg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

HerbertnounUS /ˈhɜːrbərt/

United States musician and composer and conductor noted for his comic operas (1859-1924)

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

herdsnounUS /hɜːrdz/

plural of “herd” — a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans

From this reading Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "What more?" asked Oberntraut, who stood before him with a stern but calm brow.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How could it be otherwise?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading How could it be otherwise?

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"

mobnounUS /mɑːb/

a disorderly crowd of people

From this reading Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading "What more?" asked Oberntraut, who stood before him with a stern but calm brow.

newsnounUS /nuːz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

Oberntraut

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "Anhalt has been defeated under the walls of Prague--totally defeated!

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading How could it be otherwise?

PraguenounUS /prɑːɡ/

the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic in the western part of the country; a cultural and commercial center since the 14th century

From this reading "Anhalt has been defeated under the walls of Prague--totally defeated!

rawadjectiveUS /rɑː/

(used especially of commodities) being unprocessed or manufactured using only simple or minimal processes

From this reading Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"

recruitsnounUS /rəˈkruːts/

plural of “recruit” — a recently enlisted soldier

From this reading Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

sternadjectiveUS /stɜːrn/

of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading "What more?" asked Oberntraut, who stood before him with a stern but calm brow.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading "What more?" asked Oberntraut, who stood before him with a stern but calm brow.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "Anhalt has been defeated under the walls of Prague--totally defeated!

thirty-fiveadjectiveUS /ˈθɜːrdifaɪv/

being five more than thirty

From this reading Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"

totallyadverbUS /ˈtoʊtəli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading "Anhalt has been defeated under the walls of Prague--totally defeated!

towernounUS /ˈtaʊər/

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

trainedadjectiveUS /treɪnd/

shaped or conditioned or disciplined by training; often used as a combining form

From this reading Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"

Transylvanian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading "Anhalt has been defeated under the walls of Prague--totally defeated!

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading "Anhalt has been defeated under the walls of Prague--totally defeated!

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading "What more?" asked Oberntraut, who stood before him with a stern but calm brow.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading "What more?" asked Oberntraut, who stood before him with a stern but calm brow.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading Fifty thousand trained Austrians and Bavarians against thirty-five thousand raw recruits--a mere mob of herds and citizens, and wild Transylvanian horse!"

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading "Evil news, Oberntraut, evil news!" cried Colonel Herbert, as he sat in his tower at Heidelberg, with an open letter in his hand.

Chapter 31 of Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III by G. P. R. (George Payne Rainsford) James holds 183 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III contain?

Chapter 31 holds 183 sentences of Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III by G. P. R. (George Payne Rainsford) James exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 183 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III

Common questions about reading Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III by G. P. R. (George Payne Rainsford) James on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III?

Yes. All 6032 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50858 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50858, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III take to read?

About 502 minutes of reading across 1207 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III section by section

How to work through Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III

Words and structures a reader meets early in Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Realities
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Illusions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Heidelberg: A Romance. Volumes I, II & III; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.