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Helena
Helena

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Helena is here in full — 334 sentences across 67 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Helena
Context Illustration Reading 1/66 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.
For Lucy Friend the experience had been unprecedented and agitating.
She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."
This at least had been the tone in her parents' house.
The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Helena

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Helena is here in full — 334 sentences across 67 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/66 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.
Line 2
For Lucy Friend the experience had been unprecedented and agitating.
/fɔːr ˈluːsi frend ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns hæd bɪn ənˈpresɪdentɪd ənd ˈædʒəteɪtɪŋ/
Line 3
She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."
/ʃiː hæd lɪvd ɪn ə wɜːrld wer men ənd ˈwɪmən duː nɑːt tɔːk mʌtʃ əˈbaʊt ðemˈselvz ənd æz ə ruːl ˌɪnˈstɪŋktɪvliː əˈvɔɪd ˈθɪŋkɪŋ mʌtʃ əˈbaʊt ðemˈselvz æz ə ˈhæbət ˈtendɪŋ tuː ˈsʌmθɪŋ ðeɪ kɔːl ˈmɔːrbəd/
Line 4
This at least had been the tone in her parents' house.
/ðɪs æt liːst hæd bɪn ðə toʊn ɪn hɜːr ˈperənts haʊs/
Line 5
The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.
/ðə oʊld ˈwʊmən ɪn ˈlænkæstər ɡeɪt hæd nɑːt bɪn ˈkeɪpəbəl ˈiːðər ʌv ˈtɔːkɪŋ ɔːr ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt hərˈself ɪkˈsept æz ə ˈfretfəl ˈænəməl wɪð ˈsɜːrtən ˈsɪmpəl ˈbɑːdəli wɑːnts/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

agitating adjective US /ˈædʒəteɪtɪŋ/

causing or tending to cause anger or resentment

From this reading “For Lucy Friend the experience had been unprecedented and agitating.”

confidences noun US /ˈkɑːnfədənsɪz/

plural of “confidence” — freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading “Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.”

fretful adjective US /ˈfretfəl/

nervous and unable to relax

From this reading “The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.”

Helena noun US /ˈhelənə/

capital of the state of Montana; located in western Montana

From this reading “Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.”

Lancaster noun US /ˈlænkæstər/

a city in northwestern England

From this reading “The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.”

morbid adjective US /ˈmɔːrbəd/

suggesting an unhealthy mental state

From this reading “She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."”

tending noun US /ˈtendɪŋ/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading “She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."”

unprecedented adjective US /ənˈpresɪdentɪd/

having no precedent; novel

From this reading “For Lucy Friend the experience had been unprecedented and agitating.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

agitatingadjectiveUS /ˈædʒəteɪtɪŋ/

causing or tending to cause anger or resentment

From this reading For Lucy Friend the experience had been unprecedented and agitating.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For Lucy Friend the experience had been unprecedented and agitating.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading This at least had been the tone in her parents' house.

avoidverbUS /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading For Lucy Friend the experience had been unprecedented and agitating.

bestowedverbUS /bɪˈstoʊd/

past form of “bestow” — present

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

bodilyadverbUS /ˈbɑːdəli/

in bodily form

From this reading The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

capableadjectiveUS /ˈkeɪpəbəl/

(usually followed by “of”) having capacity or ability

From this reading The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.

companionnounUS /kəmˈpænjən/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

confidencesnounUS /ˈkɑːnfədənsɪz/

plural of “confidence” — freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading For Lucy Friend the experience had been unprecedented and agitating.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For Lucy Friend the experience had been unprecedented and agitating.

fretfuladjectiveUS /ˈfretfəl/

nervous and unable to relax

From this reading The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.

FriendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

GatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.

habitnounUS /ˈhæbət/

an established custom

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

HelenanounUS /ˈhelənə/

capital of the state of Montana; located in western Montana

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading This at least had been the tone in her parents' house.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

instinctivelyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈstɪŋktɪvliː/

as a matter of instinct

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

LancasternounUS /ˈlænkæstər/

a city in northwestern England

From this reading The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading This at least had been the tone in her parents' house.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

LucynounUS /ˈluːsi/

incomplete skeleton of female found in eastern Ethiopia in 1974

From this reading For Lucy Friend the experience had been unprecedented and agitating.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

morbidadjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrbəd/

suggesting an unhealthy mental state

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.

parentsnounUS /ˈperənts/

plural of “parent” — a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading This at least had been the tone in her parents' house.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

Pitstone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

talkingnounUS /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/

an exchange of ideas via conversation

From this reading The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.

tendingnounUS /ˈtendɪŋ/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This at least had been the tone in her parents' house.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

tonenounUS /toʊn/

the quality of a person's voice

From this reading This at least had been the tone in her parents' house.

unprecedentedadjectiveUS /ənˈpresɪdentɪd/

having no precedent; novel

From this reading For Lucy Friend the experience had been unprecedented and agitating.

wakefuladjective

carefully observant or attentive; on the lookout for possible danger

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

wantsnounUS /wɑːnts/

plural of “want” — a state of extreme poverty

From this reading The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Mrs. Friend passed a somewhat wakeful night after the scene in which Helena Pitstone had bestowed her first confidences on her new companion.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading The old woman in Lancaster Gate had not been capable either of talking or thinking about herself, except as a fretful animal with certain simple bodily wants.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading She had lived in a world where men and women do not talk much about themselves, and as a rule instinctively avoid thinking much about themselves, as a habit tending to something they call "morbid."

Chapter 4 of Helena by Humphry, Mrs. Ward holds 334 sentences, grouped into 67 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Helena contain?

Chapter 4 holds 334 sentences of Helena, unabridged, divided into 67 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Helena by Humphry, Mrs. Ward exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 334 sentences, grouped into 67 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Helena?

Work through the 67 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 67 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Helena

Common questions about reading Helena by Humphry, Mrs. Ward on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Helena?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Helena is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Helena take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Helena section by section

How to work through Helena section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Helena to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Helena

Words and structures a reader meets early in Helena, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Helena, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Helena, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.