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Helping Himself
Helping Himself

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Helping Himself is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Helping Himself
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.
He was terribly mortified to have it known that he had been forced into such a business.
If Tom had nothing worse to be ashamed of he need not have blushed, but he was suffering from false shame.
When did you come to the city?” he stammered.
Only this morning.”
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Helping Himself

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Helping Himself is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.
Line 2
He was terribly mortified to have it known that he had been forced into such a business.
/hiː wɑːz ˈterəbli ˈmɔːrtəfaɪd tuː hæv ɪt noʊn ðæt hiː hæd bɪn fɔːrst ˈɪntuː sʌtʃ ə ˈbɪznəs/
Line 3
If Tom had nothing worse to be ashamed of he need not have blushed, but he was suffering from false shame.
/ɪf tɑːm hæd ˈnʌθɪŋ wɜːrs tuː biː əˈʃeɪmd ʌv hiː niːd nɑːt hæv blʌʃt bʌt hiː wɑːz ˈsʌfərɪŋ frʌm fɔːls ʃeɪm/
Line 4
When did you come to the city?” he stammered.
Line 5
Only this morning.”
/ˈoʊnli ðɪs ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

addressed adjective US /əˈdrest/

(of mail) marked with a destination

From this reading “When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.”

ashamed adjective US /əˈʃeɪmd/

feeling shame or guilt or embarrassment or remorse

From this reading “If Tom had nothing worse to be ashamed of he need not have blushed, but he was suffering from false shame.”

blushed verb US /blʌʃt/

past form of “blush” — turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame

From this reading “If Tom had nothing worse to be ashamed of he need not have blushed, but he was suffering from false shame.”

Calder noun US /ˈkɔːldər/

United States sculptor who first created mobiles and stabiles (1898-1976)

From this reading “When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.”

hide verb US /haɪd/

prevent from being seen or discovered

From this reading “When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.”

mortification noun US /ˈmɔːrtəfkeɪʃən/

strong feelings of embarrassment

From this reading “When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.”

mortified adjective US /ˈmɔːrtəfaɪd/

suffering from tissue death

From this reading “He was terribly mortified to have it known that he had been forced into such a business.”

terribly adverb US /ˈterəbli/

used as intensifiers

From this reading “He was terribly mortified to have it known that he had been forced into such a business.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He was terribly mortified to have it known that he had been forced into such a business.

addressedadjectiveUS /əˈdrest/

(of mail) marked with a destination

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

ashamedadjectiveUS /əˈʃeɪmd/

feeling shame or guilt or embarrassment or remorse

From this reading If Tom had nothing worse to be ashamed of he need not have blushed, but he was suffering from false shame.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If Tom had nothing worse to be ashamed of he need not have blushed, but he was suffering from false shame.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He was terribly mortified to have it known that he had been forced into such a business.

blackingnoun

a substance used to produce a shiny protective surface on footwear

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

blushedverbUS /blʌʃt/

past form of “blush” — turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame

From this reading If Tom had nothing worse to be ashamed of he need not have blushed, but he was suffering from false shame.

boxnounUS /bɑːks/

a (usually rectangular) container; may have a lid

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading He was terribly mortified to have it known that he had been forced into such a business.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading If Tom had nothing worse to be ashamed of he need not have blushed, but he was suffering from false shame.

CaldernounUS /ˈkɔːldər/

United States sculptor who first created mobiles and stabiles (1898-1976)

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading “When did you come to the city?” he stammered.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading “When did you come to the city?” he stammered.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading “When did you come to the city?” he stammered.

falseadjectiveUS /fɔːls/

not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality

From this reading If Tom had nothing worse to be ashamed of he need not have blushed, but he was suffering from false shame.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading He was terribly mortified to have it known that he had been forced into such a business.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading If Tom had nothing worse to be ashamed of he need not have blushed, but he was suffering from false shame.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He was terribly mortified to have it known that he had been forced into such a business.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

hideverbUS /haɪd/

prevent from being seen or discovered

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If Tom had nothing worse to be ashamed of he need not have blushed, but he was suffering from false shame.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading He was terribly mortified to have it known that he had been forced into such a business.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He was terribly mortified to have it known that he had been forced into such a business.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading He was terribly mortified to have it known that he had been forced into such a business.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading “Only this morning.”

mortificationnounUS /ˈmɔːrtəfkeɪʃən/

strong feelings of embarrassment

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

mortifiedadjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrtəfaɪd/

suffering from tissue death

From this reading He was terribly mortified to have it known that he had been forced into such a business.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading If Tom had nothing worse to be ashamed of he need not have blushed, but he was suffering from false shame.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading If Tom had nothing worse to be ashamed of he need not have blushed, but he was suffering from false shame.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading If Tom had nothing worse to be ashamed of he need not have blushed, but he was suffering from false shame.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading If Tom had nothing worse to be ashamed of he need not have blushed, but he was suffering from false shame.

OnlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading “Only this morning.”

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

shamenounUS /ʃeɪm/

a painful emotion resulting from an awareness of inadequacy or guilt

From this reading If Tom had nothing worse to be ashamed of he need not have blushed, but he was suffering from false shame.

stammered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “When did you come to the city?” he stammered.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading He was terribly mortified to have it known that he had been forced into such a business.

sufferingnounUS /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

a state of acute pain

From this reading If Tom had nothing worse to be ashamed of he need not have blushed, but he was suffering from false shame.

terriblyadverbUS /ˈterəbli/

used as intensifiers

From this reading He was terribly mortified to have it known that he had been forced into such a business.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He was terribly mortified to have it known that he had been forced into such a business.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “When did you come to the city?” he stammered.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading “Only this morning.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

TomnounUS /tɑːm/

male cat

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was terribly mortified to have it known that he had been forced into such a business.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading When Tom Calder turned round and saw who had addressed him, he turned red with mortification, and he tried to hide his blacking box.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading If Tom had nothing worse to be ashamed of he need not have blushed, but he was suffering from false shame.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “When did you come to the city?” he stammered.

Chapter 8 of Helping Himself by Horatio, Jr. Alger holds 116 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Helping Himself contain?

Chapter 8 holds 116 sentences of Helping Himself, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Helping Himself by Horatio, Jr. Alger exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 116 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Helping Himself?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Helping Himself

Common questions about reading Helping Himself by Horatio, Jr. Alger on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Helping Himself?

Yes. All 4051 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5833 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Helping Himself is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5833, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Helping Himself take to read?

About 337 minutes of reading across 811 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Helping Himself section by section

How to work through Helping Himself section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of Helping Himself to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Helping Himself

Words and structures a reader meets early in Helping Himself, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Deacon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Helping Himself; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gridley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Helping Himself; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Helping Himself; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Farming
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Helping Himself; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.