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Henry D. Thoreau
Henry D. Thoreau

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Henry D. Thoreau is here in full — 189 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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EARLY ESSAYS IN AUTHORSHIP.
It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.
No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.
In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."
But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Henry D. Thoreau

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Henry D. Thoreau is here in full — 189 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
EARLY ESSAYS IN AUTHORSHIP.
/ˈɜːrli eˈseɪz ɪn ˈɔːθərʃɪp/
Line 2
It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.
Line 3
No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.
Line 4
In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."
Line 5
But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Alcott noun US /ˈælkɑːt/

United States novelist noted for children's books (1832-1888)

From this reading “It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.”

authorship noun US /ˈɔːθərʃɪp/

the act of creating written works

From this reading “EARLY ESSAYS IN AUTHORSHIP.”

Concord noun US /ˈkɑːnkɔːrd/

capital of the state of New Hampshire; located in south central New Hampshire on the Merrimack river

From this reading “In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."”

Emerson's noun US /ˈemərsənz/

possessive form of “emerson” — United States writer and leading exponent of transcendentalism (1803-1882)

From this reading “In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."”

originality noun US /ərˌɪdʒəˈnælɪti/

the ability to think and act independently

From this reading “But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.”

thinkers noun US /ˈθɪŋkərz/

plural of “thinker” — an important intellectual

From this reading “But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.”

Thoreau noun US /θərˈoʊ/

United States writer and social critic (1817-1862)

From this reading “It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.”

Zeitgeist noun US /tˈsaɪtɡaɪst/

the spirit of the time; the spirit characteristic of an age or generation

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

subtle influence adjective + noun

In this reading “In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."”

common impulse adjective + noun

In this reading “No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.”

three years noun + noun

In this reading “In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."”

far greater adverb + adjective

In this reading “But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.”

most admirable adverb + adjective

In this reading “In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."”

in fact preposition + noun

in reality or actuality

In this reading “But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.”

echoes of verb + particle counted as “echo of”

In this reading “It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.”

for three preposition + noun

In this reading “In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."”

All words in this reading · 114

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

admirableadjectiveUS /ˈædmərəbəl/

deserving of the highest esteem or admiration

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

affectedadjectiveUS /əˈfektɪd/

acted upon; influenced

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

AlcottnounUS /ˈælkɑːt/

United States novelist noted for children's books (1832-1888)

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

ArnoldnounUS /ˈɑːrnəld/

English poet and literary critic (1822-1888)

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

atmospherenounUS /ˈætməsfɪr/

a particular environment or surrounding influence

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

AUTHORSHIPnounUS /ˈɔːθərʃɪp/

the act of creating written works

From this reading EARLY ESSAYS IN AUTHORSHIP.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

brilliantadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪljənt/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

CarlylenounUS /ˈkɑːrlaɪl/

Scottish historian who wrote about the French Revolution (1795-1881)

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

communicatedverbUS /kəˈmjuːnəkeɪtɪd/

past form of “communicate” — transmit information

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

ConcordnounUS /ˈkɑːnkɔːrd/

capital of the state of New Hampshire; located in south central New Hampshire on the Merrimack river

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

delusionnounUS /dɪˈluːʒən/

(psychology) an erroneous belief that is held in the face of evidence to the contrary

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

EARLYadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading EARLY ESSAYS IN AUTHORSHIP.

echoesnounUS /ˈekoʊz/

plural of “echo” — the repetition of a sound resulting from reflection of the sound waves

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

EmersonnounUS /ˈemərsən/

United States writer and leading exponent of transcendentalism (1803-1882)

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

Emerson'snounUS /ˈemərsənz/

possessive form of “emerson” — United States writer and leading exponent of transcendentalism (1803-1882)

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

ESSAYSnounUS /eˈseɪz/

plural of “essay” — an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading EARLY ESSAYS IN AUTHORSHIP.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

ever-felt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

fadedadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪdəd/

having lost freshness or brilliance of color

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

HawthornenounUS /ˈhɔːθɔːrn/

United States writer of novels and short stories mostly on moral themes (1804-1864)

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

imitatedverbUS /ˈɪməteɪtɪd/

past form of “imitate” — reproduce someone's behavior or looks

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

impulsenounUS /ˈɪmpəls/

an instinctive motive

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading EARLY ESSAYS IN AUTHORSHIP.

independencenounUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/

freedom from control or influence of another or others

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

inspirationnounUS /ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən/

arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

intellectnounUS /ˈɪntəlekt/

knowledge and intellectual ability

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

intellectualadjectiveUS /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl/

of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

likesnounUS /laɪks/

plural of “like” — a similar kind

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

MatthewnounUS /ˈmæθjuː/

(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; traditionally considered to be the author of the first Gospel

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

originalitynounUS /ərˌɪdʒəˈnælɪti/

the ability to think and act independently

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

out-breathing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

patiencenounUS /ˈpeɪʃəns/

good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

preëminence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

profoundadjectiveUS /proʊˈfaʊnd/

showing intellectual penetration or emotional depth

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

proudadjectiveUS /praʊd/

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

SagenounUS /seɪdʒ/

a mentor in spiritual and philosophical topics who is renowned for profound wisdom

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

sharedadjectiveUS /ʃerd/

have in common; held or experienced in common

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

solitaryadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləteri/

characterized by or preferring solitude

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

star-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

subtleadjectiveUS /ˈsʌtəl/

difficult to detect or grasp by the mind or analyze

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

susceptibleadjectiveUS /səˈseptəbəl/

(often followed by “of” or “to”) yielding readily to or capable of

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

tasksnounUS /tæsks/

plural of “task” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

thinkersnounUS /ˈθɪŋkərz/

plural of “thinker” — an important intellectual

From this reading But, in fact, Thoreau brought to his intellectual tasks an originality as marked as Emerson's, if not so brilliant and star-like--a patience far greater than his, and a proud independence that makes him the most solitary of modern thinkers.

ThoreaunounUS /θərˈoʊ/

United States writer and social critic (1817-1862)

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

Transcendentalists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading In the most admirable of the group, who is called by preëminence "the Sage of Concord,"--the poet Emerson,--there has been an out-breathing inspiration as profound as that of the _Zeitgeist_ himself; so that even Hawthorne, the least susceptible of men, found himself affected as he says, "after living for three years within the subtle influence of an intellect like Emerson's."

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading It has been a common delusion, not yet quite faded away, that the chief Transcendentalists were but echoes of each other,--that Emerson imitated Carlyle, Thoreau and Alcott imitated Emerson, and so on to the end of the chapter.

ZeitgeistnounUS /tˈsaɪtɡaɪst/

the spirit of the time; the spirit characteristic of an age or generation

From this reading No doubt that the atmosphere of each of these men affected the others, nor that they shared a common impulse communicated by what Matthew Arnold likes to call the _Zeitgeist_,--the ever-felt spirit of the time.

Chapter 7 of Henry D. Thoreau by F. B. (Franklin Benjamin) Sanborn holds 189 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Henry D. Thoreau contain?

Chapter 7 holds 189 sentences of Henry D. Thoreau, unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Henry D. Thoreau by F. B. (Franklin Benjamin) Sanborn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 189 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Henry D. Thoreau?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Henry D. Thoreau

Common questions about reading Henry D. Thoreau by F. B. (Franklin Benjamin) Sanborn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Henry D. Thoreau?

Yes. All 2612 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #51426 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Henry D. Thoreau is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #51426, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Henry D. Thoreau take to read?

About 217 minutes of reading across 523 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Henry D. Thoreau section by section

How to work through Henry D. Thoreau section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Henry D. Thoreau

Words and structures a reader meets early in Henry D. Thoreau, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Henry D. Thoreau; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Henry D. Thoreau; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Henry D. Thoreau; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thoreau
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Henry D. Thoreau; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.