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Henry D. Thoreau
Henry D. Thoreau

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Henry D. Thoreau is here in full — 171 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PERSONAL TRAITS AND SOCIAL LIFE.
The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.
The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.
A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.
The head engraved for this volume is from a photograph taken, in 1861, at New Bedford, and shows him as he was in his last years.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Henry D. Thoreau

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Henry D. Thoreau is here in full — 171 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PERSONAL TRAITS AND SOCIAL LIFE.
/ˈpɜːrsɪnəl treɪts ənd ˈsoʊʃəl laɪf/
Line 2
The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.
/ðə feɪs ʌv θərˈoʊ wʌns siːn kʊd nɑːt ˈiːzəli biː fərˈɡɑːt.n̩ soʊ strɔːŋ wɑːz ðə mɑːrk ðæt ˈdʒiːnjəs hæd set əˈpɑːn ɪt/
Line 3
The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.
Line 4
A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.
/ə fjuː jɪrz ˈleɪtər hiː bɪˈɡæn tuː wer hɪz bɪrd lɔːŋ ənd ðɪs faɪn ˈsɪlkən ˈmʌflər fɔːr hɪz ˈdeləkət θroʊt ənd lʌŋz wɑːz ˈɔːlsoʊ æn ˈɔːrnəmənt tuː hɪz ɡreɪv ənd ˈθɔːtfəl feɪs kənˈsiːlɪŋ ɪts ˈwiːkəst ˈfiːtʃər ə rɪˈsiːdɪŋ tʃɪn/
Line 5
The head engraved for this volume is from a photograph taken, in 1861, at New Bedford, and shows him as he was in his last years.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

concealing noun US /kənˈsiːlɪŋ/

the activity of keeping something secret

From this reading “A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.”

engraved adjective US /ɪnˈɡreɪvd/

cut or impressed into a surface

From this reading “The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.”

muffler noun US /ˈmʌflər/

a tubular acoustic device inserted in the exhaust system that is designed to reduce noise

From this reading “A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.”

ornament verb US /ˈɔːrnəmənt/

make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.

From this reading “A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.”

receding noun US /rɪˈsiːdɪŋ/

a slow or gradual disappearance

From this reading “A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.”

Thoreau noun US /θərˈoʊ/

United States writer and social critic (1817-1862)

From this reading “The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.”

traits noun US /treɪts/

plural of “trait” — a distinguishing feature of your personal nature

From this reading “PERSONAL TRAITS AND SOCIAL LIFE.”

weakest adjective US /ˈwiːkəst/

superlative of “weak” — wanting in physical strength

From this reading “A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

SOCIAL LIFE adjective + noun

In this reading “PERSONAL TRAITS AND SOCIAL LIFE.”

few years adjective + noun

In this reading “A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.”

photograph taken verb + adjective

In this reading “The head engraved for this volume is from a photograph taken, in 1861, at New Bedford, and shows him as he was in his last years.”

some resemblance adjective + noun

In this reading “The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.”

thoughtful face adjective + noun

In this reading “A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.”

set upon verb + particle

assail or attack on all sides: "The zebra was beset by leopards"

In this reading “The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.”

at the time preposition + article + noun counted as “at … time”

simultaneously

In this reading “The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1854

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

1861

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The head engraved for this volume is from a photograph taken, in 1861, at New Bedford, and shows him as he was in his last years.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading PERSONAL TRAITS AND SOCIAL LIFE.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The head engraved for this volume is from a photograph taken, in 1861, at New Bedford, and shows him as he was in his last years.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

beardnounUS /bɪrd/

the hair growing on the lower part of a man's face

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

Bedford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The head engraved for this volume is from a photograph taken, in 1861, at New Bedford, and shows him as he was in his last years.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

chinnounUS /tʃɪn/

the protruding part of the lower jaw

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

commonlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːmənli/

under normal conditions

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

concealingnounUS /kənˈsiːlɪŋ/

the activity of keeping something secret

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

delicateadjectiveUS /ˈdeləkət/

exquisitely fine and subtle and pleasing; susceptible to injury

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

engravedadjectiveUS /ɪnˈɡreɪvd/

cut or impressed into a surface

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

exactadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzækt/

Strictly particular and correct.

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

featurenounUS /ˈfiːtʃər/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

forgottenadjectiveUS /fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/

Not remembered; lapsed from memory.

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The head engraved for this volume is from a photograph taken, in 1861, at New Bedford, and shows him as he was in his last years.

geniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

gravenounUS /ɡreɪv/

death of a person

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The head engraved for this volume is from a photograph taken, in 1861, at New Bedford, and shows him as he was in his last years.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The head engraved for this volume is from a photograph taken, in 1861, at New Bedford, and shows him as he was in his last years.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The head engraved for this volume is from a photograph taken, in 1861, at New Bedford, and shows him as he was in his last years.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

LIFEnounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading PERSONAL TRAITS AND SOCIAL LIFE.

likenessnounUS /ˈlaɪknəs/

similarity in appearance or character or nature between persons or things

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

lungsnounUS /lʌŋz/

plural of “lung” — either of two saclike respiratory organs in the chest of vertebrates; serves to remove carbon dioxide and provide oxygen to the blood

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

markverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

mufflernounUS /ˈmʌflər/

a tubular acoustic device inserted in the exhaust system that is designed to reduce noise

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The head engraved for this volume is from a photograph taken, in 1861, at New Bedford, and shows him as he was in his last years.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

ornamentverbUS /ˈɔːrnəmənt/

make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

PERSONALadjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading PERSONAL TRAITS AND SOCIAL LIFE.

photographverbUS /ˈfoʊtəɡræf/

record on photographic film

From this reading The head engraved for this volume is from a photograph taken, in 1861, at New Bedford, and shows him as he was in his last years.

portraitnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrət/

a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

recedingnounUS /rɪˈsiːdɪŋ/

a slow or gradual disappearance

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

resemblancenounUS /rɪˈzembləns/

similarity in appearance or external or superficial details

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

Rowse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

showsnounUS /ʃoʊz/

plural of “show” — the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining

From this reading The head engraved for this volume is from a photograph taken, in 1861, at New Bedford, and shows him as he was in his last years.

silkenadjectiveUS /ˈsɪlkən/

having a smooth, gleaming surface reflecting light

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

SOCIALadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading PERSONAL TRAITS AND SOCIAL LIFE.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

ThoreaunounUS /θərˈoʊ/

United States writer and social critic (1817-1862)

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

thoughtfuladjectiveUS /ˈθɔːtfəl/

having intellectual depth

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

throatnounUS /θroʊt/

The passage at the back of the mouth.

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

TRAITSnounUS /treɪts/

plural of “trait” — a distinguishing feature of your personal nature

From this reading PERSONAL TRAITS AND SOCIAL LIFE.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading The head engraved for this volume is from a photograph taken, in 1861, at New Bedford, and shows him as he was in his last years.

WnounUS /ˈdʌbəljuː/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The face of Thoreau, once seen, could not easily be forgotten, so strong was the mark that genius had set upon it.

weakestadjectiveUS /ˈwiːkəst/

superlative of “weak” — wanting in physical strength

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

wearverbUS /wer/

be dressed in

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The portrait of him, which has been commonly engraved, though it bore some resemblance at the time it was taken (by S. W. Rowse, in 1854), was never a very exact likeness.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading A few years later he began to wear his beard long, and this fine silken muffler for his delicate throat and lungs, was also an ornament to his grave and thoughtful face, concealing its weakest feature, a receding chin.

Chapter 12 of Henry D. Thoreau by F. B. (Franklin Benjamin) Sanborn holds 171 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Henry D. Thoreau contain?

Chapter 12 holds 171 sentences of Henry D. Thoreau, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Henry D. Thoreau by F. B. (Franklin Benjamin) Sanborn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 171 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Henry D. Thoreau?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Henry D. Thoreau

Common questions about reading Henry D. Thoreau by F. B. (Franklin Benjamin) Sanborn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Henry D. Thoreau?

Yes. All 2612 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #51426 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Henry D. Thoreau is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #51426, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Henry D. Thoreau take to read?

About 217 minutes of reading across 523 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Henry D. Thoreau section by section

How to work through Henry D. Thoreau section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of Henry D. Thoreau to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Henry D. Thoreau

Words and structures a reader meets early in Henry D. Thoreau, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Henry D. Thoreau; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Henry D. Thoreau; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Henry D. Thoreau; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thoreau
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Henry D. Thoreau; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.