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Henry Fielding
Henry Fielding

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Henry Fielding is here in full — 136 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
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POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.
It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'
But neither that consciousness, nor the increasing burden of ill-health, availed to dull the energies of these last years.
Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."
[1] Poor-law reform was at this time occupying the attention of the nation, and apparently also of the legislature.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Henry Fielding

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Henry Fielding is here in full — 136 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.
Line 2
It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'
Line 3
But neither that consciousness, nor the increasing burden of ill-health, availed to dull the energies of these last years.
Line 4
Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."
Line 5
[1] Poor-law reform was at this time occupying the attention of the nation, and apparently also of the legislature.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

astonishingly adverb US /əˈstɑːnɪʃɪŋli/

in an amazing manner; to everyone's surprise

From this reading “Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."”

comprehensive adjective US /ˌkɑːmpriˈhensɪv/

including all or everything

From this reading “Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."”

Dedication noun US /ˌdedəˈkeɪʃən/

complete and wholehearted fidelity

From this reading “POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.”

Enquiry noun US /ɪnˈkwaɪriː/

an instance of questioning

Fielding noun US /ˈfiːldɪŋ/

(baseball) handling the ball while playing in the field

From this reading “It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'”

indomitable adjective US /ˌɪnˈdɑːmətəbəl/

impossible to subdue

From this reading “Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."”

reconstruction noun US /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʃən/

the period after the American Civil War when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union; 1865-1877

From this reading “Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."”

repeal noun US /rɪˈpiːl/

the act of abrogating; an official or legal cancellation

From this reading “Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [1] Poor-law reform was at this time occupying the attention of the nation, and apparently also of the legislature.

1753

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

ActverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

adaptedadjectiveUS /əˈdæptɪd/

changed in order to improve or made more fit for a particular purpose

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

AlexandernounUS /ˌæləɡˈzændər/

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading [1] Poor-law reform was at this time occupying the attention of the nation, and apparently also of the legislature.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

anticipateverbUS /ænˈtɪsəpeɪt/

regard something as probable or likely

From this reading It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'

apparentlyadverbUS /əˈperəntli/

from appearances alone

From this reading [1] Poor-law reform was at this time occupying the attention of the nation, and apparently also of the legislature.

astonishinglyadverbUS /əˈstɑːnɪʃɪŋli/

in an amazing manner; to everyone's surprise

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading [1] Poor-law reform was at this time occupying the attention of the nation, and apparently also of the legislature.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading [1] Poor-law reform was at this time occupying the attention of the nation, and apparently also of the legislature.

availedverbUS /əˈveɪld/

past form of “avail” — use to one's advantage

From this reading But neither that consciousness, nor the increasing burden of ill-health, availed to dull the energies of these last years.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'

burdennounUS /ˈbɜːrdən/

an onerous or difficult concern

From this reading But neither that consciousness, nor the increasing burden of ill-health, availed to dull the energies of these last years.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But neither that consciousness, nor the increasing burden of ill-health, availed to dull the energies of these last years.

commentnounUS /ˈkɑːment/

a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

comprehensiveadjectiveUS /ˌkɑːmpriˈhensɪv/

including all or everything

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

conductingnounUS /kənˈdʌktɪŋ/

the way of administering a business

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

consciousadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnʃəs/

intentionally conceived

From this reading It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'

consciousnessnounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəsnəs/

an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself and your situation

From this reading But neither that consciousness, nor the increasing burden of ill-health, availed to dull the energies of these last years.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'

Covent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

creatornounUS /kriˈeɪtər/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

DedicationnounUS /ˌdedəˈkeɪʃən/

complete and wholehearted fidelity

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

DesignnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

detailedadjectiveUS /dɪˈteɪld/

developed or executed with care and in minute detail

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

Drawcansir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

dueadjectiveUS /duː/

owed and payable immediately or on demand

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

dulladjectiveUS /dʌl/

lacking in liveliness or animation

From this reading But neither that consciousness, nor the increasing burden of ill-health, availed to dull the energies of these last years.

ElizabethnounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/

daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

energiesnounUS /ˈenərdʒiz/

plural of “energy” — (physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs

From this reading But neither that consciousness, nor the increasing burden of ill-health, availed to dull the energies of these last years.

EnquirynounUS /ɪnˈkwaɪriː/

an instance of questioning

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

entireadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtaɪər/

constituting the full quantity or extent; complete

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

evidentadjectiveUS /ˈevədənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'

FieldingnounUS /ˈfiːldɪŋ/

(baseball) handling the ball while playing in the field

From this reading It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

fullyadverbUS /ˈfʊli/

to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (“full” in this sense is used as a combining form)

From this reading It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'

GardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

ill-health

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But neither that consciousness, nor the increasing burden of ill-health, availed to dull the energies of these last years.

increasingadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ/

becoming greater or larger

From this reading But neither that consciousness, nor the increasing burden of ill-health, availed to dull the energies of these last years.

indomitableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdɑːmətəbəl/

impossible to subdue

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

involvedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvɑːlvd/

connected by participation or association or use

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'

JournalnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrnəl/

a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

kingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

knightnounUS /naɪt/

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading But neither that consciousness, nor the increasing burden of ill-health, availed to dull the energies of these last years.

LAWnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

LawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

legaladjectiveUS /ˈliːɡəl/

established by or founded upon law or official or accepted rules

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

legislaturenounUS /ˈledʒəsleɪtʃər/

persons who make or amend or repeal laws

From this reading [1] Poor-law reform was at this time occupying the attention of the nation, and apparently also of the legislature.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading [1] Poor-law reform was at this time occupying the attention of the nation, and apparently also of the legislature.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading But neither that consciousness, nor the increasing burden of ill-health, availed to dull the energies of these last years.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading But neither that consciousness, nor the increasing burden of ill-health, availed to dull the energies of these last years.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'

occupyingverbUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “occupy” — keep busy with

From this reading [1] Poor-law reform was at this time occupying the attention of the nation, and apparently also of the legislature.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'

planverbUS /plæn/

have the will and intention to carry out some action

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

POORadjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

poor-law

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

PraisenounUS /preɪz/

an expression of approval and commendation

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

PublicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

reappearedverbUS /ˌriːəˈpɪrd/

past form of “reappear” — appear again

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

reconstructionnounUS /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʃən/

the period after the American Civil War when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union; 1865-1877

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

REFORMnounUS /rəˈfɔːrm/

a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

remaindernounUS /rɪˈmeɪndər/

something left after other parts have been taken away

From this reading It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'

repealnounUS /rɪˈpiːl/

the act of abrogating; an official or legal cancellation

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

ScarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

ServicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

surelyadverbUS /ˈʃʊrli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading But neither that consciousness, nor the increasing burden of ill-health, availed to dull the energies of these last years.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading [1] Poor-law reform was at this time occupying the attention of the nation, and apparently also of the legislature.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading [1] Poor-law reform was at this time occupying the attention of the nation, and apparently also of the legislature.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading POOR LAW REFORM "... surely there is some Praise due to the bare Design of doing a Service to the Public."--Dedication of the _Enquiry_.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [1] Poor-law reform was at this time occupying the attention of the nation, and apparently also of the legislature.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Scarcely had that indomitable knight, General Sir Alexander Drawcansir retired from the active public service of conducting the _Covent Garden Journal_ when his creator reappeared with an astonishingly comprehensive and detailed plan of poor-law reform; a plan adapted to the whole kingdom, and which according to a legal comment involved "nothing less than the repeal of the Act of Elizabeth and an entire reconstruction of the Poor Laws."

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading It is evident that the beginning of the year 1753 found Fielding fully conscious that now he could only anticipate a 'short remainder of life.'

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading But neither that consciousness, nor the increasing burden of ill-health, availed to dull the energies of these last years.

Chapter 17 of Henry Fielding by G. M. (Gertrude M.) Godden holds 136 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Henry Fielding contain?

Chapter 17 holds 136 sentences of Henry Fielding, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Henry Fielding by G. M. (Gertrude M.) Godden exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 136 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Henry Fielding?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Henry Fielding

Common questions about reading Henry Fielding by G. M. (Gertrude M.) Godden on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Henry Fielding?

Yes. All 2658 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8136 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Henry Fielding is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8136, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Henry Fielding take to read?

About 221 minutes of reading across 532 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Henry Fielding section by section

How to work through Henry Fielding section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Henry Fielding

Words and structures a reader meets early in Henry Fielding, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Illustrations
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Photographs
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Marie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Henry Fielding; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
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