Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Hereward, the Last of the English
Hereward, the Last of the English

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Hereward, the Last of the English is here in full — 142 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Hereward, the Last of the English
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HOW HEREWARD WENT TO THE WAR AT GUISNES.
The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.
His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the Foresters of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.
He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.
Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Hereward, the Last of the English

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Hereward, the Last of the English is here in full — 142 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HOW HEREWARD WENT TO THE WAR AT GUISNES.
Line 2
The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.
Line 3
His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of theForestersof Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of theiron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.
Line 4
He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.
/hiː laɪk ə ˈderɪŋ naɪt æz hiː wɑːz ræn ɔːf wɪð hɪz soʊ sʌm seɪ ˈɜːrli lʌv ˈdʒuːdəθ ˈdɔːtər ʌv tʃɑːrlz ðə bɔːld ʌv fræns ə dɪˈsendənt ʌv ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn hɪmˈself/
Line 5
Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Baldwin noun US /ˈbɔːldwən/

United States author who was an outspoken critic of racism (1924-1987)

From this reading “The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.”

Charlemagne noun US /ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn/

king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor; conqueror of the Lombards and Saxons (742-814)

From this reading “His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.”

Debonair adjective US /ˌdebəˈner/

having a sophisticated charm

From this reading “The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.”

Foresters noun US /ˈfɔːrəstərz/

plural of “forester” — English writer of adventure novels featuring Captain Horatio Hornblower (1899-1966)

From this reading “His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.”

Lille noun US /lɪl/

an industrial city in northern France near the Belgian border; was the medieval capital of Flanders

From this reading “The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.”

potentate noun US /ˈpoʊtənteɪt/

a ruler who is unconstrained by law

From this reading “The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.”

Somme noun US /sɔːm/

battle of World War II

From this reading “The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.”

verified adjective US /ˈverəfaɪd/

proved to be true

From this reading “Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:”

All words in this reading · 129

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

adversarynounUS /ˈædvərseri/

someone who offers opposition

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

alasexclamationUS /əˈlæs/

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

AlfrednounUS /ˈælfrəd/

king of Wessex; defeated the Vikings and encouraged writing in English (849-899)

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

armnounUS /ɑːrm/

a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading HOW HEREWARD WENT TO THE WAR AT GUISNES.

BaldadjectiveUS /bɔːld/

with no effort to conceal

From this reading He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.

BaldwinnounUS /ˈbɔːldwən/

United States author who was an outspoken critic of racism (1924-1987)

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

behavingverbUS /bɪˈheɪvɪŋ/

-ing form of “behave” — behave in a certain manner; show a certain behavior; conduct or comport oneself

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

belongsverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋz/

third-person singular of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

Bras-de-fer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

CharlemagnenounUS /ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn/

king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor; conqueror of the Lombards and Saxons (742-814)

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

ConstantinoplenounUS /ˌkɑːnstæntəˈnoʊpəl/

the largest city and former capital of Turkey

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

daringnounUS /ˈderɪŋ/

a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

DebonairadjectiveUS /ˌdebəˈner/

having a sophisticated charm

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

descendantnounUS /dɪˈsendənt/

a person considered as descended from some ancestor

From this reading He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.

dominionnounUS /dəˈmɪnjən/

dominance or power through legal authority

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

dragverbUS /dræɡ/

pull, as against a resistance

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

Ethelwulf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

extendedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstendəd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

fens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

fiendnounUS /fiːnd/

a cruel wicked and inhuman person

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

FlandersnounUS /ˈflændərz/

a medieval country in northern Europe that included regions now parts of northern France and Belgium and southwestern Netherlands

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

forefathersnounUS /ˈfɔːrfɑːðərz/

plural of “forefather” — the founder of a family

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

ForestersnounUS /ˈfɔːrəstərz/

plural of “forester” — English writer of adventure novels featuring Captain Horatio Hornblower (1899-1966)

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

forestsnounUS /ˈfɔːrəsts/

plural of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

fouladjectiveUS /faʊl/

highly offensive; arousing aversion or disgust

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

GermanynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrməni/

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

ghostlyadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊstli/

resembling or characteristic of a phantom

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

GUISNES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW HEREWARD WENT TO THE WAR AT GUISNES.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

heathens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

HEREWARD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW HEREWARD WENT TO THE WAR AT GUISNES.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW HEREWARD WENT TO THE WAR AT GUISNES.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

includingverbUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

JudithnounUS /ˈdʒuːdəθ/

Jewish heroine in one of the books of the Apocrypha; she saved her people by decapitating the Assyrian general Holofernes

From this reading He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

KaisernounUS /ˈkaɪzər/

the title of the Holy Roman Emperors or the emperors of Austria or of Germany until 1918

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

knightnounUS /naɪt/

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.

LillenounUS /lɪl/

an industrial city in northern France near the Belgian border; was the medieval capital of Flanders

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

MarquisnounUS /ˌmɑːrˈkiː/

humorist who wrote about the imaginary life of cockroaches (1878-1937)

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

MarriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

mudnounUS /mʌd/

water soaked soil; soft wet earth

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

potentatenounUS /ˈpoʊtənteɪt/

a ruler who is unconstrained by law

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

practicaladjectiveUS /ˈpræktəkəl/

concerned with actual use or practice

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

ruledadjectiveUS /ruːld/

subject to a ruling authority

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.

sayingnounUS /ˈseɪɪŋ/

a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

Scheldtnoun

a river that rises in France and flows northeast across Belgium and empties into the North Sea

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.

SommenounUS /sɔːm/

battle of World War II

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

sorelyadverbUS /ˈsɔːrli/

to a great degree

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

steelnounUS /stiːl/

an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

stepmothernounUS /ˈstepmʌðər/

the wife of your father by a subsequent marriage

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

territorynounUS /ˈterɪtɔːri/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW HEREWARD WENT TO THE WAR AT GUISNES.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading HOW HEREWARD WENT TO THE WAR AT GUISNES.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

verifiedadjectiveUS /ˈverəfaɪd/

proved to be true

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

WARnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading HOW HEREWARD WENT TO THE WAR AT GUISNES.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.

weightnounUS /weɪt/

the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

WENTverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading HOW HEREWARD WENT TO THE WAR AT GUISNES.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The dominion of Baldwin of Lille,--Baldwin the Debonair,--Marquis of Flanders, and just then the greatest potentate in Europe after the Kaiser of Germany and the Kaiser of Constantinople, extended from the Somme to the Scheldt, including thus much territory which now belongs to France.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading His forefathers had ruled there ever since the days of the “Foresters” of Charlemagne, who held the vast forests against the heathens of the fens; and of that famous Baldwin Bras-de-fer,--who, when the foul fiend rose out of the Scheldt, and tried to drag him down, tried cold steel upon him (being a practical man), and made his ghostly adversary feel so sorely the weight of the “iron arm,” that he retired into his native mud,--or even lower still.

wiselyadverbUS /ˈwaɪzli/

in a wise manner

From this reading Married up to Ethelwulf of England, and thus stepmother of Alfred the Great,--after his death behaving, alas for her! not over wisely or well, she had verified the saying:

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He, like a daring knight as he was, ran off with his (so some say) early love, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald of France, a descendant of Charlemagne himself.

Chapter 7 of Hereward, the Last of the English by Charles Kingsley holds 142 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Hereward, the Last of the English contain?

Chapter 7 holds 142 sentences of Hereward, the Last of the English, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Hereward, the Last of the English by Charles Kingsley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 142 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Hereward, the Last of the English?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Hereward, the Last of the English

Common questions about reading Hereward, the Last of the English by Charles Kingsley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Hereward, the Last of the English?

Yes. All 9035 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7815 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Hereward, the Last of the English is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7815, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Hereward, the Last of the English take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1807 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Hereward, the Last of the English section by section

How to work through Hereward, the Last of the English section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Hereward, the Last of the English to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Hereward, the Last of the English

Words and structures a reader meets early in Hereward, the Last of the English, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Hereward
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hereward, the Last of the English; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Outlawed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hereward, the Last of the English; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
North
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hereward, the Last of the English; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fortunes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hereward, the Last of the English; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.