Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Hereward, the Last of the English
Hereward, the Last of the English

Chapter XXXVI · Chapter 36

Chapter 36 of Hereward, the Last of the English is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Hereward, the Last of the English
Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HOW TORFRIDA CONFESSED THAT SHE HAD BEEN INSPIRED BY THE DEVIL.
After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.
Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.
Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.
All this Torfrida, and the world, knew.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Hereward, the Last of the English

Chapter XXXVI · Chapter 36

Chapter 36 of Hereward, the Last of the English is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HOW TORFRIDA CONFESSED THAT SHE HAD BEEN INSPIRED BY THE DEVIL.
Line 2
After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.
Line 3
Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.
Line 4
Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.
Line 5
All this Torfrida, and the world, knew.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Archbishop noun US /ˈɑːrtʃˈbɪʃəp/

a bishop of highest rank

From this reading “After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.”

clergy noun US /ˈklɜːrdʒi/

in Christianity, clergymen collectively (as distinguished from the laity)

From this reading “Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.”

deftly adverb US /ˈdeftli/

with dexterity; in a dexterous manner

From this reading “Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.”

duly adverb US /ˈduːli/

in accordance with what is appropriate or suitable for the circumstances

From this reading “Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.”

enslave verb US /enˈsleɪv/

make a slave of; bring into servitude

From this reading “Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.”

Hildebrand noun US /ˈhɪldɪbrænd/

the Italian pope who fought to establish the supremacy of the pope over the Roman Catholic Church and the supremacy of the church over the state (1020-1085)

From this reading “Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.”

Norman's noun US /ˈnɔːrmənz/

possessive form of “norman” — United States operatic soprano (born in 1945)

William's noun US /ˈwɪljəmz/

possessive form of “williams” — United States country singer and songwriter (1923-1953)

All words in this reading · 84

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.

afterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

Alftruda

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.

ArchbishopnounUS /ˈɑːrtʃˈbɪʃəp/

a bishop of highest rank

From this reading After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.

Archdeaconnoun

(Anglican Church) an ecclesiastical dignitary usually ranking just below a bishop

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

arrangedadjectiveUS /ərˈeɪndʒd/

disposed or placed in a particular kind of order

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

BEENauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading HOW TORFRIDA CONFESSED THAT SHE HAD BEEN INSPIRED BY THE DEVIL.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading HOW TORFRIDA CONFESSED THAT SHE HAD BEEN INSPIRED BY THE DEVIL.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

clergynounUS /ˈklɜːrdʒi/

in Christianity, clergymen collectively (as distinguished from the laity)

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.

CONFESSEDverbUS /kənˈfest/

past form of “confess” — confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure

From this reading HOW TORFRIDA CONFESSED THAT SHE HAD BEEN INSPIRED BY THE DEVIL.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.

Crowland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.

deftlyadverbUS /ˈdeftli/

with dexterity; in a dexterous manner

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

DEVILnounUS /ˈdevəl/

(Judeo-Christian and Islamic religions) chief spirit of evil and adversary of God; tempter of mankind; master of Hell

From this reading HOW TORFRIDA CONFESSED THAT SHE HAD BEEN INSPIRED BY THE DEVIL.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.

dulyadverbUS /ˈduːli/

in accordance with what is appropriate or suitable for the circumstances

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

enslaveverbUS /enˈsleɪv/

make a slave of; bring into servitude

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.

fitverbUS /fɪt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.

HADauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading HOW TORFRIDA CONFESSED THAT SHE HAD BEEN INSPIRED BY THE DEVIL.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

HildebrandnounUS /ˈhɪldɪbrænd/

the Italian pope who fought to establish the supremacy of the pope over the Roman Catholic Church and the supremacy of the church over the state (1020-1085)

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

HolynounUS /ˈhoʊli/

a sacred place of pilgrimage

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW TORFRIDA CONFESSED THAT SHE HAD BEEN INSPIRED BY THE DEVIL.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.

INSPIREDadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈspaɪərd/

being of such surpassing excellence as to suggest inspiration by the gods

From this reading HOW TORFRIDA CONFESSED THAT SHE HAD BEEN INSPIRED BY THE DEVIL.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

Lanfranc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.

Lanfranc's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.

managedverbUS /ˈmænədʒd/

past form of “manage” — be successful; achieve a goal

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

Norman'snounUS /ˈnɔːrmənz/

possessive form of “norman” — United States operatic soprano (born in 1945)

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.

PopenounUS /poʊp/

the head of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

priestnounUS /priːst/

a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.

probableadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːbəbəl/

likely but not certain to be or become true or real

From this reading Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.

SHEpronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading HOW TORFRIDA CONFESSED THAT SHE HAD BEEN INSPIRED BY THE DEVIL.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

talkedverbUS /tɔːkt/

past form of “talk” — exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.

THATconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading HOW TORFRIDA CONFESSED THAT SHE HAD BEEN INSPIRED BY THE DEVIL.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW TORFRIDA CONFESSED THAT SHE HAD BEEN INSPIRED BY THE DEVIL.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading All this Torfrida, and the world, knew.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.

TORFRIDA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW TORFRIDA CONFESSED THAT SHE HAD BEEN INSPIRED BY THE DEVIL.

uncanonical

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

usefuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

WhetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Whether Lanfranc sent him, or merely (as is probable) Alftruda, he could not have come in a more fit name.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

William'snounUS /ˈwɪljəmz/

possessive form of “williams” — United States country singer and songwriter (1923-1953)

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading After a few days, there came down a priest to Crowland, and talked with Torfrida, in Archbishop Lanfranc’s name.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Torfrida knew (with all the world) how Lanfranc had arranged William the Norman’s uncanonical marriage, with the Pope, by help of Archdeacon Hildebrand (afterwards Pope himself); and had changed his mind deftly to William’s side when he saw that William might be useful to Holy Church, and could enslave, if duly managed, not only the nation of England to himself, but the clergy of England to Rome.

Chapter 36 of Hereward, the Last of the English by Charles Kingsley holds 152 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 36 of Hereward, the Last of the English contain?

Chapter 36 holds 152 sentences of Hereward, the Last of the English, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 36 of Hereward, the Last of the English by Charles Kingsley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 152 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 36 of Hereward, the Last of the English?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 36 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 36 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Hereward, the Last of the English

Common questions about reading Hereward, the Last of the English by Charles Kingsley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Hereward, the Last of the English?

Yes. All 9035 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7815 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Hereward, the Last of the English is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7815, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Hereward, the Last of the English take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1807 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Hereward, the Last of the English section by section

How to work through Hereward, the Last of the English section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Hereward, the Last of the English to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Hereward, the Last of the English

Words and structures a reader meets early in Hereward, the Last of the English, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Hereward
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hereward, the Last of the English; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Outlawed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hereward, the Last of the English; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
North
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hereward, the Last of the English; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fortunes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hereward, the Last of the English; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.