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Hermann and Dorothea
Hermann and Dorothea

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Hermann and Dorothea is here in full — 162 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
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There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.
In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.
The basis of the poem is a historical incident.
In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.
The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Hermann and Dorothea

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Hermann and Dorothea is here in full — 162 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.
Line 2
In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.
/ɪn ˈklɪrnəs ʌv ˌkerəktərɪˈzeɪʃən ɪn ˈjuːnəti ʌv toʊn ɪn ðə əˈdʒʌstmənt ʌv ˈbækɡraʊnd ənd ˈfɔːrɡraʊnd ɪn ðə ˈkɑːndəkt ʌv ðə ˈnærətɪv ɪt kənˈfɔːrmz ˈædmərəbli tuː ðə strɪkt ˈkænənz ʌv ɑːrt jet ɪt prəˈzɜːrvz ə ˈfreʃnəs ənd ˌspɑːntəˈniːəti ɪn ɪts ɪˈmoʊʃənəl əˈpiːl ðæt ɑːr rer ɪn wɜːrks ʌv soʊ ˈklæsɪkəl ə pərˈfekʃən ɪn fɔːrm/
Line 3
The basis of the poem is a historical incident.
/ðə ˈbeɪsəs ʌv ðə ˈpoʊəm ɪz ə hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl ˈɪnsədənt/
Line 4
In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.
Line 5
The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.
/ðə əˈkeɪʒən ʌv ðə ɡɜːrlz ˈeɡzaɪl wɑːz tʃeɪndʒd baɪ ɡoʊθ tuː mɔːr ˈriːsənt taɪmz ənd ɪn ðə ˈpoʊəm ʃiː ɪz ˌreprɪˈzentɪd æz ə ˈdʒɜːrmən frʌm ðə west bæŋk ʌv ðə raɪn ˈfliːɪŋ frʌm ðə ˈtɜːrmɔɪl kɑːzd baɪ ðə frentʃ ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adjustment noun US /əˈdʒʌstmənt/

making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances

From this reading “In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.”

burgher noun US /ˈbɜːrɡər/

a citizen of an English borough

From this reading “In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.”

canons noun US /ˈkænənz/

plural of “canon” — a rule or especially body of rules or principles generally established as valid and fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

From this reading “In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.”

characterization noun US /ˌkerəktərɪˈzeɪʃən/

a graphic or vivid verbal description

From this reading “In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.”

conforms verb US /kənˈfɔːrmz/

third-person singular of “conform” — be similar, be in line with

From this reading “In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.”

diocese noun US /ˈdaɪəsiːz/

the territorial jurisdiction of a bishop

From this reading “In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.”

Salzburg noun US /ˈsɔːlzbərɡ/

city in western Austria; a music center and birthplace of Mozart

From this reading “In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.”

spontaneity noun US /ˌspɑːntəˈniːəti/

the quality of being spontaneous and coming from natural feelings without constraint

From this reading “In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1731

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

adjustmentnounUS /əˈdʒʌstmənt/

making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

admirablyadverbUS /ˈædmərəbli/

in an admirable manner

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

appealverbUS /əˈpiːl/

take a court case to a higher court for review

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

ArchbishopnounUS /ˈɑːrtʃˈbɪʃəp/

a bishop of highest rank

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

backgroundnounUS /ˈbækɡraʊnd/

a person's social heritage: previous experience or training

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

basisnounUS /ˈbeɪsəs/

a relation that provides the foundation for something

From this reading The basis of the poem is a historical incident.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

bridenounUS /braɪd/

a woman who has recently been married

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

burghernounUS /ˈbɜːrɡər/

a citizen of an English borough

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

canonsnounUS /ˈkænənz/

plural of “canon” — a rule or especially body of rules or principles generally established as valid and fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

characterizationnounUS /ˌkerəktərɪˈzeɪʃən/

a graphic or vivid verbal description

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

classicaladjectiveUS /ˈklæsɪkəl/

of or relating to the first significant period of a civilization, culture, area of study, etc.

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

clearnessnounUS /ˈklɪrnəs/

free from obscurity and easy to understand; the comprehensibility of clear expression

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

conformsverbUS /kənˈfɔːrmz/

third-person singular of “conform” — be similar, be in line with

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

diocesenounUS /ˈdaɪəsiːz/

the territorial jurisdiction of a bishop

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

Dorothea

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

drovenounUS /droʊv/

a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

emotionaladjectiveUS /ɪˈmoʊʃənəl/

determined or actuated by emotion rather than reason

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

exileverbUS /ˈeɡzaɪl/

expel from a country

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

fleeingverbUS /ˈfliːɪŋ/

-ing form of “flee” — run away quickly

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

foregroundnounUS /ˈfɔːrɡraʊnd/

the part of a scene that is near the viewer

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

freshnessnounUS /ˈfreʃnəs/

the property of being pure and fresh (as if newly made); not stale or deteriorated

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

GermanynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrməni/

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

girl'snounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

possessive form of “girl” — a young female

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

GoethenounUS /ɡoʊθ/

German poet and novelist and dramatist who lived in Weimar (1749-1832)

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

HermannnounUS /ˈhɜːrmən/

German hero; leader at the battle of Teutoburger Wald in AD 9 (circa 18 BC - AD 19)

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

historicaladjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading The basis of the poem is a historical incident.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

incidentnounUS /ˈɪnsədənt/

a single distinct event

From this reading The basis of the poem is a historical incident.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The basis of the poem is a historical incident.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

narrativenounUS /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

perfectionnounUS /pərˈfekʃən/

the state of being without a flaw or defect

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

poemnounUS /ˈpoʊəm/

a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading The basis of the poem is a historical incident.

poemsnounUS /ˈpoʊəmz/

plural of “poem” — a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

preservesnounUS /prəˈzɜːrvz/

fruit preserved by cooking with sugar

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

ProtestantsnounUS /ˈprɑːtəstənts/

plural of “protestant” — an adherent of Protestantism

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

rareadjectiveUS /rer/

not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

recentadjectiveUS /ˈriːsənt/

new

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

refugenounUS /ˈrefjuːdʒ/

a safe place

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

RevolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

RhinenounUS /raɪn/

United States parapsychologist (1895-1980)

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

SalzburgnounUS /ˈsɔːlzbərɡ/

city in western Austria; a music center and birthplace of Mozart

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

spontaneitynounUS /ˌspɑːntəˈniːəti/

the quality of being spontaneous and coming from natural feelings without constraint

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

strictadjectiveUS /strɪkt/

rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

tonenounUS /toʊn/

the quality of a person's voice

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

turmoilnounUS /ˈtɜːrmɔɪl/

a violent disturbance

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

unitynounUS /ˈjuːnəti/

an undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading The occasion of the girl's exile was changed by Goethe to more recent times, and in the poem she is represented as a German from the west bank of the Rhine fleeing from the turmoil caused by the French Revolution.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and among whom was a girl who became the bride of the son of a rich burgher.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.

Chapter 1 of Hermann and Dorothea by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe holds 162 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Hermann and Dorothea contain?

Chapter 1 holds 162 sentences of Hermann and Dorothea, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Hermann and Dorothea by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 162 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Hermann and Dorothea?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Hermann and Dorothea

Common questions about reading Hermann and Dorothea by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Hermann and Dorothea?

Yes. All 856 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1958 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Hermann and Dorothea is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1958, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Hermann and Dorothea take to read?

About 71 minutes of reading across 172 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Hermann and Dorothea

Words and structures a reader meets early in Hermann and Dorothea, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Modern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hermann and Dorothea; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Poems
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hermann and Dorothea; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Country
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hermann and Dorothea; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Perfect
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hermann and Dorothea; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.