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Hero Stories from American History
Hero Stories from American History

Chapter VI · The Defeat of the Red Dragoons

Chapter VI of Hero Stories from American History, “The Defeat of the Red Dragoons,” is here in full — 184 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.
Affairs had gone rapidly from bad to worse.
Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.
Sir Henry went back to New York, leaving Lord Cornwallis in command.
Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Hero Stories from American History

Chapter VI · The Defeat of the Red Dragoons

Chapter VI of Hero Stories from American History, “The Defeat of the Red Dragoons,” is here in full — 184 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.
Line 2
Affairs had gone rapidly from bad to worse.
/əˈferz hæd ɡɔːn ˈræpədli frʌm bæd tuː wɜːrs/
Line 3
Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.
/sɜːr ˈhenri ˈklɪntən hæd kʌm əˈɡen frʌm nuː jɔːrk ənd ɪn meɪ ʌv ðæt jɪr hæd ˈkæptʃərd ˈtʃɑːrlstən wɪð ɔːl ʌv ˈlɪŋkənz ˈɑːrmi/
Line 4
Sir Henry went back to New York, leaving Lord Cornwallis in command.
/sɜːr ˈhenri went bæk tuː nuː jɔːrk ˈliːvɪŋ lɔːrd kɔːrnˈwɔːləs ɪn kəˈmænd/
Line 5
Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.
/ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən dɪˈzaɪərd tuː send hɪz raɪtˈhænd mæn ˈdʒenərəl ɡriːn tuː stem ðə taɪd ʌv ˈbrɪtɪʃ səkˈses bʌt ðə ˌkɑːntəˈnentəl ˈkɑːŋɡrəs tʃoʊz tuː send ˈdʒenərəl ɡeɪts/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Charleston noun US /ˈtʃɑːrlstən/

state capital of West Virginia in the central part of the state on the Kanawha river

From this reading “Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.”

Continental adjective US /ˌkɑːntəˈnentəl/

of or pertaining to or typical of Europe

From this reading “Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.”

Cornwallis noun US /kɔːrnˈwɔːləs/

commander of the British forces in the American War of Independence; was defeated by American and French troops at Yorktown (1738-1805)

From this reading “Sir Henry went back to New York, leaving Lord Cornwallis in command.”

darkest adjective US /ˈdɑːrkəst/

superlative of “dark” — devoid of or deficient in light or brightness; shadowed or black

From this reading “If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.”

Greene noun US /ɡriːn/

English novelist and Catholic (1904-1991)

From this reading “Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.”

Lincoln's noun US /ˈlɪŋkənz/

possessive form of “lincoln” — 16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

From this reading “Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.”

patriots noun US /ˈpeɪtriəts/

plural of “patriot” — one who loves and defends his or her country

From this reading “If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.”

right-hand adjective US /raɪtˈhænd/

located on or directed toward the right

From this reading “Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

right-hand man adjective + noun

the most helpful assistant

In this reading “Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.”

went back verb + particle counted as “go back”

belong to an earlier time

In this reading “Sir Henry went back to New York, leaving Lord Cornwallis in command.”

before dawn preposition + noun

In this reading “If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.”

prayed for verb + particle counted as “pray for”

In this reading “If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.”

come again verb + particle

In this reading “Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1780

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

AffairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading Affairs had gone rapidly from bad to worse.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Sir Henry went back to New York, leaving Lord Cornwallis in command.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading Affairs had gone rapidly from bad to worse.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.

capturedverbUS /ˈkæptʃərd/

past form of “capture” — succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.

CharlestonnounUS /ˈtʃɑːrlstən/

state capital of West Virginia in the central part of the state on the Kanawha river

From this reading Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.

choseverbUS /tʃoʊz/

inflected form of “choose” — pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.

ClintonnounUS /ˈklɪntən/

wife of President Clinton and later a woman member of the United States Senate (1947-)

From this reading Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading Sir Henry went back to New York, leaving Lord Cornwallis in command.

CongressnounUS /ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.

ContinentaladjectiveUS /ˌkɑːntəˈnentəl/

of or pertaining to or typical of Europe

From this reading Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.

CornwallisnounUS /kɔːrnˈwɔːləs/

commander of the British forces in the American War of Independence; was defeated by American and French troops at Yorktown (1738-1805)

From this reading Sir Henry went back to New York, leaving Lord Cornwallis in command.

darkestadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːrkəst/

superlative of “dark” — devoid of or deficient in light or brightness; shadowed or black

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

desiredadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪərd/

wanted intensely

From this reading Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Affairs had gone rapidly from bad to worse.

GatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading Affairs had gone rapidly from bad to worse.

GreenenounUS /ɡriːn/

English novelist and Catholic (1904-1991)

From this reading Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Affairs had gone rapidly from bad to worse.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Sir Henry went back to New York, leaving Lord Cornwallis in command.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

Lincoln'snounUS /ˈlɪŋkənz/

possessive form of “lincoln” — 16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

From this reading Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Sir Henry went back to New York, leaving Lord Cornwallis in command.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

patriotsnounUS /ˈpeɪtriəts/

plural of “patriot” — one who loves and defends his or her country

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

prayedverbUS /preɪd/

past form of “pray” — address a deity, a prophet, a saint or an object of worship; say a prayer

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

proverbnounUS /ˈprɑːvərb/

a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

rapidlyadverbUS /ˈræpədli/

with speed

From this reading Affairs had gone rapidly from bad to worse.

right-handadjectiveUS /raɪtˈhænd/

located on or directed toward the right

From this reading Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.

sendverbUS /send/

cause to go somewhere

From this reading Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

stemnounUS /stem/

(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed

From this reading Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.

tellsnounUS /telz/

plural of “tell” — a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Affairs had gone rapidly from bad to worse.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading Washington desired to send his right-hand man, General Greene, to stem the tide of British success, but the Continental Congress chose to send General Gates.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Sir Henry went back to New York, leaving Lord Cornwallis in command.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading If what the proverb tells us is true, that it is always darkest before dawn, the patriots of the South in 1780 must indeed have prayed for the light.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading Affairs had gone rapidly from bad to worse.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading Sir Henry Clinton had come again from New York, and in May of that year had captured Charleston with all of Lincoln's army.

Chapter 6 of Hero Stories from American History by Albert F. (Albert Franklin) Blaisdell holds 184 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Hero Stories from American History contain?

Chapter 6 holds 184 sentences of Hero Stories from American History, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Hero Stories from American History by Albert F. (Albert Franklin) Blaisdell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 184 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Hero Stories from American History?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Hero Stories from American History

Common questions about reading Hero Stories from American History by Albert F. (Albert Franklin) Blaisdell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Hero Stories from American History?

Yes. All 3725 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31092 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Hero Stories from American History is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31092, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Hero Stories from American History take to read?

About 310 minutes of reading across 745 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Hero Stories from American History

Words and structures a reader meets early in Hero Stories from American History, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Vincennes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hero Stories from American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hero Stories from American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Daniel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hero Stories from American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Boone
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hero Stories from American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.