Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1
Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1 is here in full — 337 sentences across 68 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/67 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.
And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."
"Dignity and good fortune to thee!" said Levorcham; "that man is not far away.
Yonder is he in the burg which is nigh; and the name of him is Naisi, the son of Usnach."
"I shall never be in good health again," said Deirdre, "until the time come when I may see him."
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1 is here in full — 337 sentences across 68 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/67 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.
Line 2
And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."
Line 3
"Dignity and good fortune to thee!" said Levorcham; "that man is not far away.
Line 4
Yonder is he in the burg which is nigh; and the name of him is Naisi, the son of Usnach."
Line 5
"I shall never be in good health again," said Deirdre, "until the time come when I may see him."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

burg noun US /bɜːrɡ/

colloquial American term for a town

From this reading “Yonder is he in the burg which is nigh; and the name of him is Naisi, the son of Usnach."”

calf noun US /kæf/

young of domestic cattle

From this reading “Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.”

chanced verb US /tʃænst/

past form of “chance” — be the case by chance

From this reading “Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.”

colours noun US /ˈkʌlərz/

a distinguishing emblem

From this reading “And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."”

nigh adjective US /naɪ/

not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances

From this reading “Yonder is he in the burg which is nigh; and the name of him is Naisi, the son of Usnach."”

prepare verb US /priˈper/

make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc

From this reading “Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.”

raven verb US /ˈreɪvən/

obtain or seize by violence

From this reading “Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.”

roast verb US /roʊst/

cook with dry heat, usually in an oven

From this reading “Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading "I shall never be in good health again," said Deirdre, "until the time come when I may see him."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading "Dignity and good fortune to thee!" said Levorcham; "that man is not far away.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "I shall never be in good health again," said Deirdre, "until the time come when I may see him."

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

burgnounUS /bɜːrɡ/

colloquial American term for a town

From this reading Yonder is he in the burg which is nigh; and the name of him is Naisi, the son of Usnach."

calfnounUS /kæf/

young of domestic cattle

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

chancedverbUS /tʃænst/

past form of “chance” — be the case by chance

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

cheeksnounUS /tʃiːks/

plural of “cheek” — either side of the face below the eyes

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

coloursnounUS /ˈkʌlərz/

a distinguishing emblem

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading "I shall never be in good health again," said Deirdre, "until the time come when I may see him."

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

Deirdre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

DignitynounUS /ˈdɪɡnəti/

the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect

From this reading "Dignity and good fortune to thee!" said Levorcham; "that man is not far away.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

drinkverbUS /drɪŋk/

take in liquids

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading "Dignity and good fortune to thee!" said Levorcham; "that man is not far away.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading "Dignity and good fortune to thee!" said Levorcham; "that man is not far away.

foster-fathernoun

a man who is a foster parent

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading "Dignity and good fortune to thee!" said Levorcham; "that man is not far away.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

hathauxiliary verbUS /hæθ/

an old form of “has”

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Yonder is he in the burg which is nigh; and the name of him is Naisi, the son of Usnach."

healthnounUS /helθ/

a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

From this reading "I shall never be in good health again," said Deirdre, "until the time come when I may see him."

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Yonder is he in the burg which is nigh; and the name of him is Naisi, the son of Usnach."

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Dignity and good fortune to thee!" said Levorcham; "that man is not far away.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

Levorcham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading "I shall never be in good health again," said Deirdre, "until the time come when I may see him."

Naisi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yonder is he in the burg which is nigh; and the name of him is Naisi, the son of Usnach."

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Yonder is he in the burg which is nigh; and the name of him is Naisi, the son of Usnach."

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading "I shall never be in good health again," said Deirdre, "until the time come when I may see him."

nighadjectiveUS /naɪ/

not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances

From this reading Yonder is he in the burg which is nigh; and the name of him is Naisi, the son of Usnach."

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "Dignity and good fortune to thee!" said Levorcham; "that man is not far away.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

prepareverbUS /priˈper/

make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

ravenverbUS /ˈreɪvən/

obtain or seize by violence

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

roastverbUS /roʊst/

cook with dry heat, usually in an oven

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading "I shall never be in good health again," said Deirdre, "until the time come when I may see him."

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

skinning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading Yonder is he in the burg which is nigh; and the name of him is Naisi, the son of Usnach."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading "Dignity and good fortune to thee!" said Levorcham; "that man is not far away.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading "I shall never be in good health again," said Deirdre, "until the time come when I may see him."

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

Usnach

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yonder is he in the burg which is nigh; and the name of him is Naisi, the son of Usnach."

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading "I shall never be in good health again," said Deirdre, "until the time come when I may see him."

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Yonder is he in the burg which is nigh; and the name of him is Naisi, the son of Usnach."

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading And "Levorcham," said Deirdre, "that man only will I love, who hath the three colours that I see here, his hair as black as the raven, his cheeks red like the blood, and his body as white as the snow."

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading Now once it chanced upon a certain day in the time of winter that the foster-father of Deirdre had employed himself in skinning a calf upon the snow, in order to prepare a roast for her, and the blood of the calf lay upon the snow, and she saw a black raven who came down to drink it.

YonderadjectiveUS /ˈjɑːndər/

distant but within sight (“yon” is dialectal)

From this reading Yonder is he in the burg which is nigh; and the name of him is Naisi, the son of Usnach."

Chapter 4 of Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1 by Arthur Herbert Leahy holds 337 sentences, grouped into 68 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 337 sentences of Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 68 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1 by Arthur Herbert Leahy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 337 sentences, grouped into 68 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1?

Work through the 68 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 68 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1

Common questions about reading Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1 by Arthur Herbert Leahy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1?

Yes. All 2452 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5678 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5678, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1 take to read?

About 204 minutes of reading across 491 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1 section by section

How to work through Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 7 chapters of Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Present
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Opinion
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Literatures
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Heroic Romances of Ireland, Translated into — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.