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Hesperus
Hesperus

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Hesperus is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Hesperus
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.
He read his yesterday's letter, and found it too stormy.
"That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.
Why then am I not to-day what I was yesterday, and perhaps shall be to-morrow?
What does man gain by this boiling up and down?
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Hesperus

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Hesperus is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.
Line 2
He read his yesterday's letter, and found it too stormy.
/hiː red hɪz ˈjestərdeɪz ˈletər ənd faʊnd ɪt tuː ˈstɔːrmi/
Line 3
"That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.
Line 4
Why then am I not to-day what I was yesterday, and perhaps shall be to-morrow?
Line 5
What does man gain by this boiling up and down?
/wʌt dʌz mæn ɡeɪn baɪ ðɪs ˈbɔɪlɪŋ ʌp ənd daʊn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

boiling noun US /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/

the application of heat to change something from a liquid to a gas

From this reading “What does man gain by this boiling up and down?”

freezes noun US /ˈfriːzɪz/

plural of “freeze” — the withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid

From this reading “"That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.”

gales noun US /ɡeɪlz/

plural of “gale” — a strong wind moving 45-90 knots; force 7 to 10 on Beaufort scale

From this reading “"That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.”

holds noun US /hoʊldz/

plural of “hold” — the act of grasping

From this reading “"That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.”

insignificance noun US /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnjɪfɪkəns/

the quality of having little or no significance

From this reading “"That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.”

stormy adjective US /ˈstɔːrmi/

(especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion

From this reading “He read his yesterday's letter, and found it too stormy.”

vehement adjective US /ˈviːəmənt/

marked by extreme intensity of emotions or convictions; inclined to react violently; fervid

From this reading “"That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.”

yesterday's noun US /ˈjestərdeɪz/

possessive form of “yesterday” — the day immediately before today

From this reading “He read his yesterday's letter, and found it too stormy.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most vehement adverb + adjective

In this reading “"That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.”

gain by verb + particle

In this reading “What does man gain by this boiling up and down?”

wheel of verb + particle

In this reading “He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading Why then am I not to-day what I was yesterday, and perhaps shall be to-morrow?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He read his yesterday's letter, and found it too stormy.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

bed-cord

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

boilingnounUS /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/

the application of heat to change something from a liquid to a gas

From this reading What does man gain by this boiling up and down?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What does man gain by this boiling up and down?

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading What does man gain by this boiling up and down?

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

eternaladjectiveUS /ɪˈtɜːrnəl/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading He read his yesterday's letter, and found it too stormy.

freezesnounUS /ˈfriːzɪz/

plural of “freeze” — the withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

gainverbUS /ɡeɪn/

obtain

From this reading What does man gain by this boiling up and down?

galesnounUS /ɡeɪlz/

plural of “gale” — a strong wind moving 45-90 knots; force 7 to 10 on Beaufort scale

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

holdsnounUS /hoʊldz/

plural of “hold” — the act of grasping

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Why then am I not to-day what I was yesterday, and perhaps shall be to-morrow?

ideasnounUS /aɪˈdiːəz/

plural of “idea” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

insignificancenounUS /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnjɪfɪkəns/

the quality of having little or no significance

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He read his yesterday's letter, and found it too stormy.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading He read his yesterday's letter, and found it too stormy.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Why then am I not to-day what I was yesterday, and perhaps shall be to-morrow?

quitverbUS /kwɪt/

put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading He read his yesterday's letter, and found it too stormy.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Why then am I not to-day what I was yesterday, and perhaps shall be to-morrow?

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

stormyadjectiveUS /ˈstɔːrmi/

(especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion

From this reading He read his yesterday's letter, and found it too stormy.

stuckadjectiveUS /stʌk/

caught or fixed

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

swiftadjectiveUS /swɪft/

moving very fast

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Why then am I not to-day what I was yesterday, and perhaps shall be to-morrow?

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading What does man gain by this boiling up and down?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Why then am I not to-day what I was yesterday, and perhaps shall be to-morrow?

to-morrow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Why then am I not to-day what I was yesterday, and perhaps shall be to-morrow?

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading He read his yesterday's letter, and found it too stormy.

traceless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading What does man gain by this boiling up and down?

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

vehementadjectiveUS /ˈviːəmənt/

marked by extreme intensity of emotions or convictions; inclined to react violently; fervid

From this reading "That is just our insignificance," said he, "that everything which man holds to be eternal freezes over night; not across our face do the most vehement gales pass more swift and traceless than across our heart.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Why then am I not to-day what I was yesterday, and perhaps shall be to-morrow?

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Why then am I not to-day what I was yesterday, and perhaps shall be to-morrow?

wheelverbUS /wiːl/

change directions as if revolving on a pivot

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

WhynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Why then am I not to-day what I was yesterday, and perhaps shall be to-morrow?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading He drew himself slowly by the bed-cord out of the bed, which he used to quit with a spring; some wheel of his ideas stuck within him.

yesterdaynounUS /ˈjestərdeɪ/

the day immediately before today

From this reading Why then am I not to-day what I was yesterday, and perhaps shall be to-morrow?

yesterday'snounUS /ˈjestərdeɪz/

possessive form of “yesterday” — the day immediately before today

From this reading He read his yesterday's letter, and found it too stormy.

Chapter 4 of Hesperus by Jean Paul holds 404 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Hesperus contain?

Chapter 4 holds 404 sentences of Hesperus, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Hesperus by Jean Paul exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 404 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Hesperus?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Hesperus

Common questions about reading Hesperus by Jean Paul on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Hesperus?

Yes. All 4511 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36071 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Hesperus is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36071, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Hesperus take to read?

About 375 minutes of reading across 903 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Hesperus section by section

How to work through Hesperus section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of Hesperus to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Hesperus

Words and structures a reader meets early in Hesperus, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Source
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hesperus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Making
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hesperus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
America
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hesperus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Greek
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hesperus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.