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Hesperus
Hesperus

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Hesperus is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.
But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.
As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.
This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.
_All_ nations become illuminated only in joint fermentation; and the precipitate is blood and dead men's bones.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Hesperus

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Hesperus is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.
Line 2
But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.
Line 3
As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.
Line 4
This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.
/ðɪs lɔːŋ ˈtempəst wɪtʃ ɔːlˈredi fɔːr sɪks ˈθaʊzənd jɪrz hæz bɪn ˈstændɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˈaʊər ˈplænət wɪl kənˈtɪnjuː tuː stɔːrm tɪl klaʊdz ənd ɜːrθ hæv tʃɑːrdʒd iːtʃ ˈʌðər fʊl wɪð æn ˈiːkwəl ˈmeʒər ʌv ɪˈlektrɪk ˈmætər/
Line 5
_All_ nations become illuminated only in joint fermentation; and the precipitate is blood and dead men's bones.
/ɔːl ˈneɪʃənz bɪˈkʌm ˌɪˈluːməneɪtəd ˈoʊnli ɪn dʒɔɪnt ˌfɜːrmənˈteɪʃən ənd ðə prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt ɪz blʌd ənd ded menz boʊnz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crook noun US /krʊk/

someone who has committed a crime or has been legally convicted of a crime

From this reading “But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.”

eruptions noun US /ˌiːˈrʌpʃənz/

plural of “eruption” — the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material

From this reading “As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.”

fermentation noun US /ˌfɜːrmənˈteɪʃən/

a state of agitation or turbulent change or development

From this reading “_All_ nations become illuminated only in joint fermentation; and the precipitate is blood and dead men's bones.”

illuminated adjective US /ˌɪˈluːməneɪtəd/

provided with artificial light

From this reading “_All_ nations become illuminated only in joint fermentation; and the precipitate is blood and dead men's bones.”

precipitate verb US /prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt/

bring about abruptly

From this reading “_All_ nations become illuminated only in joint fermentation; and the precipitate is blood and dead men's bones.”

spectre noun US /ˈspektər/

a ghostly appearing figure

From this reading “One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.”

tusks noun US /tʌsks/

plural of “tusk” — a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses

From this reading “But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.”

Vesuvius noun US /vəˈsuːviəs/

a volcano in southwestern Italy on the Mediterranean coast; a Plinian eruption in 79 AD buried Pompeii and killed Pliny the Elder; last erupted in 1944

From this reading “As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

dead men's adjective + noun

In this reading “_All_ nations become illuminated only in joint fermentation; and the precipitate is blood and dead men's bones.”

six thousand noun + noun

In this reading “This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.”

thousand years noun + noun

In this reading “This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.”

still remains adjective + noun

In this reading “One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.”

for six preposition + noun

In this reading “This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.”

in regard preposition + noun

In this reading “As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading _All_ nations become illuminated only in joint fermentation; and the precipitate is blood and dead men's bones.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.

armorialadjective

of or relating to heraldry or heraldic arms

From this reading But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading _All_ nations become illuminated only in joint fermentation; and the precipitate is blood and dead men's bones.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

billnounUS /bɪl/

a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading _All_ nations become illuminated only in joint fermentation; and the precipitate is blood and dead men's bones.

boar's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.

bonesnounUS /boʊnz/

(used in the plural) a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance

From this reading _All_ nations become illuminated only in joint fermentation; and the precipitate is blood and dead men's bones.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.

calculatedadjectiveUS /ˈkælkjəleɪtɪd/

carefully thought out in advance

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

chargedadjectiveUS /tʃɑːrdʒd/

of a particle or body or system; having a net amount of positive or negative electric charge

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

clawsnounUS /klɔːz/

plural of “claw” — sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptiles

From this reading But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

containedadjectiveUS /kənˈteɪnd/

gotten under control

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

continueverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuː/

continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

crooknounUS /krʊk/

someone who has committed a crime or has been legally convicted of a crime

From this reading But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading _All_ nations become illuminated only in joint fermentation; and the precipitate is blood and dead men's bones.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

eaglenounUS /ˈiːɡəl/

any of various large keen-sighted diurnal birds of prey noted for their broad wings and strong soaring flight

From this reading But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

electricadjectiveUS /ɪˈlektrɪk/

using or providing or producing or transmitting or operated by electricity

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

eruptionsnounUS /ˌiːˈrʌpʃənz/

plural of “eruption” — the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.

fermentationnounUS /ˌfɜːrmənˈteɪʃən/

a state of agitation or turbulent change or development

From this reading _All_ nations become illuminated only in joint fermentation; and the precipitate is blood and dead men's bones.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

forty-threeadjective

being three more than forty

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.

illuminatedadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈluːməneɪtəd/

provided with artificial light

From this reading _All_ nations become illuminated only in joint fermentation; and the precipitate is blood and dead men's bones.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _All_ nations become illuminated only in joint fermentation; and the precipitate is blood and dead men's bones.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

jointnounUS /dʒɔɪnt/

(anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion)

From this reading _All_ nations become illuminated only in joint fermentation; and the precipitate is blood and dead men's bones.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

measurenounUS /ˈmeʒər/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

men'snounUS /menz/

a public toilet for men

From this reading _All_ nations become illuminated only in joint fermentation; and the precipitate is blood and dead men's bones.

midnightnounUS /ˈmɪdnaɪt/

12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

From this reading One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading _All_ nations become illuminated only in joint fermentation; and the precipitate is blood and dead men's bones.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

planetnounUS /ˈplænət/

(astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

precipitateverbUS /prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt/

bring about abruptly

From this reading _All_ nations become illuminated only in joint fermentation; and the precipitate is blood and dead men's bones.

reachesnounUS /ˈriːtʃəz/

plural of “reach” — the limits within which something can be effective

From this reading One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.

reckonverbUS /ˈrekən/

expect, believe, or suppose

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

remainsnounUS /rɪˈmeɪnz/

any object that is left unused or still extant

From this reading One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

spectrenounUS /ˈspektər/

a ghostly appearing figure

From this reading One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.

stormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

tempestnounUS /ˈtempəst/

a violent commotion or disturbance

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

tusksnounUS /tʌsks/

plural of “tusk” — a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses

From this reading But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.

uselessadjectiveUS /ˈjuːsləs/

having no beneficial use or incapable of functioning usefully

From this reading But the claws and bill of the armorial eagle grow on, till, like the boar's tusks, they crook up and make themselves useless.

VesuviusnounUS /vəˈsuːviəs/

a volcano in southwestern Italy on the Mediterranean coast; a Plinian eruption in 79 AD buried Pompeii and killed Pliny the Elder; last erupted in 1944

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.

warsnounUS /wɔːrz/

plural of “war” — the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As it was calculated in regard to Vesuvius, that it contained material for only forty-three eruptions more,--so might one also reckon the number of future wars.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading One spectre still remains from the midnight, which reaches far into the hours of light,--War.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading This long tempest, which already for six thousand years has been standing over our planet, will continue to storm till clouds and earth have charged each other full with an _equal_ measure of electric matter.

Chapter 11 of Hesperus by Jean Paul holds 402 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Hesperus contain?

Chapter 11 holds 402 sentences of Hesperus, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Hesperus by Jean Paul exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 402 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Hesperus?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Hesperus

Common questions about reading Hesperus by Jean Paul on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Hesperus?

Yes. All 4511 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36071 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Hesperus is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36071, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Hesperus take to read?

About 375 minutes of reading across 903 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Hesperus section by section

How to work through Hesperus section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of Hesperus to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Hesperus

Words and structures a reader meets early in Hesperus, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Source
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hesperus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Making
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hesperus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
America
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hesperus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Greek
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hesperus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.