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History of a literary radical, and other essays
History of a literary radical, and other essays

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of History of a literary radical, and other essays is here in full — 401 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
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She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.
She adored her country and all its mystic values and aspirations.
When she heard I was going to Germany, she actually winced with pain.
She could scarcely believe it.
I fell back at once to the position of a vulgar traveler, visiting even the lands of the barbarians.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

History of a literary radical, and other essays

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of History of a literary radical, and other essays is here in full — 401 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.
Line 2
She adored her country and all its mystic values and aspirations.
/ʃiː əˈdɔːrd hɜːr ˈkʌntri ənd ɔːl ɪts ˈmɪstɪk ˈvæljuːz ənd ˌæspərˈeɪʃənz/
Line 3
When she heard I was going to Germany, she actually winced with pain.
/wen ʃiː hɜːrd aɪ wɑːz ˈɡoʊɪŋ tuː ˈdʒɜːrməni ʃiː ˈæktʃuːəli wɪnst wɪð peɪn/
Line 4
She could scarcely believe it.
/ʃiː kʊd ˈskersli bɪˈliːv ɪt/
Line 5
I fell back at once to the position of a vulgar traveler, visiting even the lands of the barbarians.
/aɪ fel bæk æt wʌns tuː ðə pəˈzɪʃən ʌv ə ˈvʌlɡər ˈtrævələr ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ˈiːvɪn ðə lændz ʌv ðə bɑːrˈberiənz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aspirations noun US /ˌæspərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “aspiration” — a will to succeed

From this reading “She adored her country and all its mystic values and aspirations.”

barbarians noun US /bɑːrˈberiənz/

plural of “barbarian” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading “I fell back at once to the position of a vulgar traveler, visiting even the lands of the barbarians.”

betrays verb US /bɪˈtreɪz/

third-person singular of “betray” — reveal unintentionally

From this reading “She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.”

clutch noun US /klʌtʃ/

the act of grasping

From this reading “She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.”

traveler noun US /ˈtrævələr/

a person who changes location

From this reading “I fell back at once to the position of a vulgar traveler, visiting even the lands of the barbarians.”

values noun US /ˈvæljuːz/

beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something)

From this reading “She adored her country and all its mystic values and aspirations.”

verve noun US /vɜːrv/

an energetic style

From this reading “She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.”

winced verb US /wɪnst/

past form of “wince” — draw back, as with fear or pain

From this reading “When she heard I was going to Germany, she actually winced with pain.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

at once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “I fell back at once to the position of a vulgar traveler, visiting even the lands of the barbarians.”

fell back verb + particle

In this reading “I fell back at once to the position of a vulgar traveler, visiting even the lands of the barbarians.”

with pain preposition + noun

In this reading “When she heard I was going to Germany, she actually winced with pain.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I fell back at once to the position of a vulgar traveler, visiting even the lands of the barbarians.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading When she heard I was going to Germany, she actually winced with pain.

adoredadjectiveUS /əˈdɔːrd/

regarded with deep or rapturous love (especially as if for a god)

From this reading She adored her country and all its mystic values and aspirations.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading She adored her country and all its mystic values and aspirations.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

aspirationsnounUS /ˌæspərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “aspiration” — a will to succeed

From this reading She adored her country and all its mystic values and aspirations.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading I fell back at once to the position of a vulgar traveler, visiting even the lands of the barbarians.

barbariansnounUS /bɑːrˈberiənz/

plural of “barbarian” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading I fell back at once to the position of a vulgar traveler, visiting even the lands of the barbarians.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading She could scarcely believe it.

betraysverbUS /bɪˈtreɪz/

third-person singular of “betray” — reveal unintentionally

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

clutchnounUS /klʌtʃ/

the act of grasping

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading She could scarcely believe it.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading She adored her country and all its mystic values and aspirations.

deathlessadjective

never dying

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

deeperadverbUS /ˈdiːpər/

comparative of “deeply” — to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

emotionsnounUS /ɪˈmoʊʃənz/

plural of “emotion” — any strong feeling

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading I fell back at once to the position of a vulgar traveler, visiting even the lands of the barbarians.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading I fell back at once to the position of a vulgar traveler, visiting even the lands of the barbarians.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

GermanynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrməni/

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading When she heard I was going to Germany, she actually winced with pain.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading When she heard I was going to Germany, she actually winced with pain.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading When she heard I was going to Germany, she actually winced with pain.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading She adored her country and all its mystic values and aspirations.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading When she heard I was going to Germany, she actually winced with pain.

ideasnounUS /aɪˈdiːəz/

plural of “idea” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading She could scarcely believe it.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading I fell back at once to the position of a vulgar traveler, visiting even the lands of the barbarians.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

loyaltynounUS /ˈlɔɪəlti/

the quality of being loyal

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

luminousadjectiveUS /ˈluːmənəs/

softly bright or radiant

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

mysticadjectiveUS /ˈmɪstɪk/

having an import not apparent to the senses nor obvious to the intelligence; beyond ordinary understanding

From this reading She adored her country and all its mystic values and aspirations.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading I fell back at once to the position of a vulgar traveler, visiting even the lands of the barbarians.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

painnounUS /peɪn/

a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder

From this reading When she heard I was going to Germany, she actually winced with pain.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading I fell back at once to the position of a vulgar traveler, visiting even the lands of the barbarians.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading She could scarcely believe it.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When she heard I was going to Germany, she actually winced with pain.

travelernounUS /ˈtrævələr/

a person who changes location

From this reading I fell back at once to the position of a vulgar traveler, visiting even the lands of the barbarians.

understandingnounUS /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

the cognitive condition of someone who understands

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

valuesnounUS /ˈvæljuːz/

beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something)

From this reading She adored her country and all its mystic values and aspirations.

vervenounUS /vɜːrv/

an energetic style

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

visitingnounUS /ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ/

the activity of making visits

From this reading I fell back at once to the position of a vulgar traveler, visiting even the lands of the barbarians.

vulgaradjectiveUS /ˈvʌlɡər/

lacking refinement or cultivation or taste

From this reading I fell back at once to the position of a vulgar traveler, visiting even the lands of the barbarians.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When she heard I was going to Germany, she actually winced with pain.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

wincedverbUS /wɪnst/

past form of “wince” — draw back, as with fear or pain

From this reading When she heard I was going to Germany, she actually winced with pain.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading She was of that young France with its luminous understanding, its personal verve, its light of expression, its way of feeling its ideas and thinking its emotions, its deathless loyalty which betrays only at the clutch of some deeper loyalty.

Chapter 3 of History of a literary radical, and other essays by Randolph Silliman Bourne holds 401 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of History of a literary radical, and other essays contain?

Chapter 3 holds 401 sentences of History of a literary radical, and other essays, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of History of a literary radical, and other essays by Randolph Silliman Bourne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 401 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of History of a literary radical, and other essays?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 3238 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #69426 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #69426, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 269 minutes of reading across 648 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in History of a literary radical, and other essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in History of a literary radical, and other essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Write
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of a literary radical, and other essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Favor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of a literary radical, and other essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of a literary radical, and other essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Interests
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of a literary radical, and other essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.