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History of a literary radical, and other essays
History of a literary radical, and other essays

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of History of a literary radical, and other essays is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for History of a literary radical, and other essays
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.
The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.
There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.
The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.
But the intelligence of the West seems to live in apocalyptic sociological--not socialistic, however--dreams.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

History of a literary radical, and other essays

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of History of a literary radical, and other essays is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.
Line 2
The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.
Line 3
There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.
Line 4
The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.
/ðə iːst hæz ˈprɪti mʌtʃ əˈbændənd ˌɪtˈself tuː ðə taɪdz ʌv ˌɪməˈɡreɪʃən ənd ˌɪnˈdʌstriəl tʃeɪndʒ wɪtʃ hæv ˌoʊvərˈwelmd ɪt noʊ wʌn ˈrɪli bɪˈliːvz ðæt ˈeniθɪŋ ˈstɑːrtlɪŋ wɪl biː dʌn tuː brɪŋ əˈbaʊt ə nuː ˈhevən ənd ə nuː ɜːrθ/
Line 5
But the intelligence of the West seems to live in apocalyptic sociological--not socialistic, however--dreams.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

apocalyptic adjective US /əˌpɑːkəˈlɪptɪk/

prophetic of devastation or ultimate doom

From this reading “But the intelligence of the West seems to live in apocalyptic sociological--not socialistic, however--dreams.”

communal adjective US /kəˈmjuːnəl/

for or by a group rather than individuals

From this reading “The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.”

Easterner noun US /ˈiːstərnər/

an inhabitant of an eastern area; especially of the U.S.

From this reading “A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.”

immigration noun US /ˌɪməˈɡreɪʃən/

migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)

From this reading “The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.”

insensitive adjective US /ˌɪnˈsensətɪv/

not responsive to physical stimuli

From this reading “There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.”

socialistic adjective US /ˌsoʊʃəˈlɪstɪk/

advocating or following the socialist principles

From this reading “But the intelligence of the West seems to live in apocalyptic sociological--not socialistic, however--dreams.”

sociological adjective US /ˌsoʊsiəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

of or relating to or determined by sociology

From this reading “But the intelligence of the West seems to live in apocalyptic sociological--not socialistic, however--dreams.”

undistinguished adjective US /ˌʌndɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

not special in any way; lacking distinction

From this reading “There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Main Streets adjective + noun counted as “main street”

street that serves as a principal thoroughfare for traffic in a town

In this reading “The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.”

full tide adjective + noun

In this reading “A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.”

within the sphere preposition + article + noun counted as “within … sphere”

In this reading “A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.”

without feeling preposition + noun

In this reading “A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.”

live in verb + particle

live in the house where one works

In this reading “But the intelligence of the West seems to live in apocalyptic sociological--not socialistic, however--dreams.”

bring about verb + particle

cause to move into the opposite direction

In this reading “The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.”

All words in this reading · 112

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

abandonedadjectiveUS /əˈbændənd/

forsaken by owner or inhabitants

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

Alleghanies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

apocalypticadjectiveUS /əˌpɑːkəˈlɪptɪk/

prophetic of devastation or ultimate doom

From this reading But the intelligence of the West seems to live in apocalyptic sociological--not socialistic, however--dreams.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

aspiringadjectiveUS /əˈspaɪrɪŋ/

desiring or striving for recognition or advancement

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

believesverbUS /bɪˈliːvz/

third-person singular of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

believingnounUS /bɪˈliːvɪŋ/

the cognitive process that leads to convictions

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

BostonnounUS /ˈbɑːstən/

state capital and largest city of Massachusetts; a major center for banking and financial services

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

car-windows

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

chaosnounUS /ˈkeɪɑːs/

a state of extreme confusion and disorder

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

clusteredadjectiveUS /ˈklʌstərd/

growing close together but not in dense mats

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

communaladjectiveUS /kəˈmjuːnəl/

for or by a group rather than individuals

From this reading The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.

countrysidenounUS /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/

rural regions

From this reading The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

dreamsnounUS /driːmz/

plural of “dream” — a series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep

From this reading But the intelligence of the West seems to live in apocalyptic sociological--not socialistic, however--dreams.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

EastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

EasternernounUS /ˈiːstərnər/

an inhabitant of an eastern area; especially of the U.S.

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

farmlike

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

flashverbUS /flæʃ/

gleam or glow intermittently

From this reading The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.

flatadjectiveUS /flæt/

having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another

From this reading The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.

flimsyadjectiveUS /ˈflɪmzi/

lacking solidity or strength

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

forlornlyadverb

in a forlorn manner

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

heavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

hopefuladjectiveUS /ˈhoʊpfəl/

having or manifesting hope

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading But the intelligence of the West seems to live in apocalyptic sociological--not socialistic, however--dreams.

immigrationnounUS /ˌɪməˈɡreɪʃən/

migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

industrialadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdʌstriəl/

of or relating to or resulting from industry

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

insensitiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsensətɪv/

not responsive to physical stimuli

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

intelligencenounUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns/

the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience

From this reading But the intelligence of the West seems to live in apocalyptic sociological--not socialistic, however--dreams.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

litternounUS /ˈlɪtər/

the offspring at one birth of a multiparous mammal

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading But the intelligence of the West seems to live in apocalyptic sociological--not socialistic, however--dreams.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.

looksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.

MainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

MIDDLEnounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

MIRRORnounUS /ˈmɪrər/

polished surface that forms images by reflecting light

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But the intelligence of the West seems to live in apocalyptic sociological--not socialistic, however--dreams.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

orderedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrdərd/

having a systematic arrangement; especially having elements succeeding in order according to rule

From this reading The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.

overwhelmedverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈwelmd/

past form of “overwhelm” — overcome, as with emotions or perceptual stimuli

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

PhiladelphianounUS /ˌfɪləˈdelfiə/

the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

robustadjectiveUS /roʊˈbʌst/

sturdy and strong in form, constitution, or construction

From this reading The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.

scrubbinessnoun

the property of being stunted and inferior in size or quality

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading But the intelligence of the West seems to live in apocalyptic sociological--not socialistic, however--dreams.

socialisticadjectiveUS /ˌsoʊʃəˈlɪstɪk/

advocating or following the socialist principles

From this reading But the intelligence of the West seems to live in apocalyptic sociological--not socialistic, however--dreams.

sociologicaladjectiveUS /ˌsoʊsiəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

of or relating to or determined by sociology

From this reading But the intelligence of the West seems to live in apocalyptic sociological--not socialistic, however--dreams.

somehowadverbUS /ˈsʌmhaʊ/

in some unspecified way or manner; or by some unspecified means

From this reading The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.

spherenounUS /sfɪr/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

startlingadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːrtlɪŋ/

so remarkably different or sudden as to cause momentary shock or alarm

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

StreetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading The flat countryside looks more ordered, more farmlike; the Main Streets that flash by the car-windows somehow look more robust and communal.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

tidesnounUS /taɪdz/

plural of “tide” — the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

townsnounUS /taʊnz/

plural of “town” — an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

undistinguishedadjectiveUS /ˌʌndɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

not special in any way; lacking distinction

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

well-wornadjective

showing signs of much wear or use

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

WESTnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There may be no less litter and scrubbiness; the clustered houses of the towns may look even more flimsy, undistinguished, well-worn; but it is a litter of aspiring order, a chaos which the people are insensitive to because they are living in the light of a hopeful future.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The East has pretty much abandoned itself to the tides of immigration and industrial change which have overwhelmed it: no one really believes that anything startling will be done to bring about a new heaven and a new earth.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading A MIRROR OF THE MIDDLE WEST No Easterner, born forlornly within the sphere of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia, can pass very far beyond the Alleghanies without feeling that American civilization is here found in the full tide of believing in itself.

Chapter 4 of History of a literary radical, and other essays by Randolph Silliman Bourne holds 403 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of History of a literary radical, and other essays contain?

Chapter 4 holds 403 sentences of History of a literary radical, and other essays, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of History of a literary radical, and other essays by Randolph Silliman Bourne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 403 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of History of a literary radical, and other essays?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #69426, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 269 minutes of reading across 648 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in History of a literary radical, and other essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in History of a literary radical, and other essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Write
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of a literary radical, and other essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Favor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of a literary radical, and other essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of a literary radical, and other essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Interests
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of a literary radical, and other essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.