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History of a literary radical, and other essays
History of a literary radical, and other essays

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of History of a literary radical, and other essays is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
We cannot Americanize America worthily by sentimentalizing and moralizing history.
When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.
This form of Americanization has been heard because it appealed to the vestiges of our old sentimentalized and moralized patriotism.
This has so far held the field as the expression of the new American’s new devotion.
The inflections of other voices have been drowned.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

History of a literary radical, and other essays

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of History of a literary radical, and other essays is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
We cannot Americanize America worthily by sentimentalizing and moralizing history.
Line 2
When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.
/wen ðə best skuːlz ɑːr ekˈspresli rɪˈnaʊnsɪŋ ðə ˈkwestʃənəbəl ˈduːti ʌv ˈtiːtʃɪŋ ˈpeɪtriətɪzəm baɪ miːnz ʌv ˈhɪstəri ɪt ɪz nɑːt ðə taɪm tuː fɔːrs ˈʃɪbəleθ əˈpɑːn ðə ˈɪməɡrənt/
Line 3
This form of Americanization has been heard because it appealed to the vestiges of our old sentimentalized and moralized patriotism.
Line 4
This has so far held the field as the expression of the new American’s new devotion.
/ðɪs hæz soʊ fɑːr held ðə fiːld æz ðə ɪkˈspreʃən ʌv ðə nuː əˈmerɪkənz nuː dɪˈvoʊʃən/
Line 5
The inflections of other voices have been drowned.
/ðə ˌɪnˈflekʃənz ʌv ˈʌðər ˈvɔɪsəz hæv bɪn draʊnd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

American's noun US /əˈmerɪkənz/

possessive form of “american” — a native or inhabitant of the United States

Americanization noun US /əˌmerəkənəˈzeɪʃən/

assimilation into American culture

From this reading “This form of Americanization has been heard because it appealed to the vestiges of our old sentimentalized and moralized patriotism.”

Americanize verb US /əˈmerəkənaɪz/

make American in character

From this reading “We cannot Americanize America worthily by sentimentalizing and moralizing history.”

immigrant noun US /ˈɪməɡrənt/

a person who comes to a country where they were not born in order to settle there

From this reading “When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.”

inflections noun US /ˌɪnˈflekʃənz/

plural of “inflection” — a change in the form of a word (usually by adding a suffix) to indicate a change in its grammatical function

From this reading “The inflections of other voices have been drowned.”

moralizing noun US /ˈmɔːrəlaɪzɪŋ/

indulgence in moral pronouncements; the exposition (often superficially) of a particular moral code

From this reading “We cannot Americanize America worthily by sentimentalizing and moralizing history.”

renouncing verb US /rɪˈnaʊnsɪŋ/

-ing form of “renounce” — give up, such as power, as of monarchs and emperors, or duties and obligations

From this reading “When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.”

shibboleth noun US /ˈʃɪbəleθ/

a favorite saying of a sect or political group

From this reading “When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

by means preposition + noun

In this reading “When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading We cannot Americanize America worthily by sentimentalizing and moralizing history.

American'snounUS /əˈmerɪkənz/

possessive form of “american” — a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading This has so far held the field as the expression of the new American’s new devotion.

AmericanizationnounUS /əˌmerəkənəˈzeɪʃən/

assimilation into American culture

From this reading This form of Americanization has been heard because it appealed to the vestiges of our old sentimentalized and moralized patriotism.

AmericanizeverbUS /əˈmerəkənaɪz/

make American in character

From this reading We cannot Americanize America worthily by sentimentalizing and moralizing history.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We cannot Americanize America worthily by sentimentalizing and moralizing history.

appealedverbUS /əˈpiːld/

past form of “appeal” — take a court case to a higher court for review

From this reading This form of Americanization has been heard because it appealed to the vestiges of our old sentimentalized and moralized patriotism.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading This has so far held the field as the expression of the new American’s new devotion.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading This form of Americanization has been heard because it appealed to the vestiges of our old sentimentalized and moralized patriotism.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading This form of Americanization has been heard because it appealed to the vestiges of our old sentimentalized and moralized patriotism.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We cannot Americanize America worthily by sentimentalizing and moralizing history.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We cannot Americanize America worthily by sentimentalizing and moralizing history.

devotionnounUS /dɪˈvoʊʃən/

feelings of ardent love

From this reading This has so far held the field as the expression of the new American’s new devotion.

drownedverbUS /draʊnd/

past form of “drown” — cover completely or make imperceptible

From this reading The inflections of other voices have been drowned.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading This has so far held the field as the expression of the new American’s new devotion.

expresslyadverbUS /ekˈspresli/

with specific intentions; for the express purpose

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading This has so far held the field as the expression of the new American’s new devotion.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading This has so far held the field as the expression of the new American’s new devotion.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading This form of Americanization has been heard because it appealed to the vestiges of our old sentimentalized and moralized patriotism.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This form of Americanization has been heard because it appealed to the vestiges of our old sentimentalized and moralized patriotism.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The inflections of other voices have been drowned.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading This form of Americanization has been heard because it appealed to the vestiges of our old sentimentalized and moralized patriotism.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading This has so far held the field as the expression of the new American’s new devotion.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading We cannot Americanize America worthily by sentimentalizing and moralizing history.

immigrantnounUS /ˈɪməɡrənt/

a person who comes to a country where they were not born in order to settle there

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

inflectionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈflekʃənz/

plural of “inflection” — a change in the form of a word (usually by adding a suffix) to indicate a change in its grammatical function

From this reading The inflections of other voices have been drowned.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

moralized

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This form of Americanization has been heard because it appealed to the vestiges of our old sentimentalized and moralized patriotism.

moralizingnounUS /ˈmɔːrəlaɪzɪŋ/

indulgence in moral pronouncements; the exposition (often superficially) of a particular moral code

From this reading We cannot Americanize America worthily by sentimentalizing and moralizing history.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading This has so far held the field as the expression of the new American’s new devotion.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading This form of Americanization has been heard because it appealed to the vestiges of our old sentimentalized and moralized patriotism.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The inflections of other voices have been drowned.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading This form of Americanization has been heard because it appealed to the vestiges of our old sentimentalized and moralized patriotism.

patriotismnounUS /ˈpeɪtriətɪzəm/

love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

questionableadjectiveUS /ˈkwestʃənəbəl/

subject to question

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

renouncingverbUS /rɪˈnaʊnsɪŋ/

-ing form of “renounce” — give up, such as power, as of monarchs and emperors, or duties and obligations

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

schoolsnounUS /skuːlz/

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

sentimentalized

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This form of Americanization has been heard because it appealed to the vestiges of our old sentimentalized and moralized patriotism.

sentimentalizing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We cannot Americanize America worthily by sentimentalizing and moralizing history.

shibbolethnounUS /ˈʃɪbəleθ/

a favorite saying of a sect or political group

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading This has so far held the field as the expression of the new American’s new devotion.

teachingnounUS /ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/

the profession of a teacher

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This form of Americanization has been heard because it appealed to the vestiges of our old sentimentalized and moralized patriotism.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

vestigesnounUS /ˈvestɪdʒɪz/

plural of “vestige” — an indication that something has been present

From this reading This form of Americanization has been heard because it appealed to the vestiges of our old sentimentalized and moralized patriotism.

voicesnounUS /ˈvɔɪsəz/

plural of “voice” — the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading The inflections of other voices have been drowned.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We cannot Americanize America worthily by sentimentalizing and moralizing history.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When the best schools are expressly renouncing the questionable duty of teaching patriotism by means of history, it is not the time to force shibboleth upon the immigrant.

worthilyadverb

in a worthy manner; with worthiness

From this reading We cannot Americanize America worthily by sentimentalizing and moralizing history.

Chapter 8 of History of a literary radical, and other essays by Randolph Silliman Bourne holds 402 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of History of a literary radical, and other essays contain?

Chapter 8 holds 402 sentences of History of a literary radical, and other essays, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of History of a literary radical, and other essays by Randolph Silliman Bourne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 402 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of History of a literary radical, and other essays?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading History of a literary radical, and other essays

Common questions about reading History of a literary radical, and other essays by Randolph Silliman Bourne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of History of a literary radical, and other essays?

Yes. All 3238 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #69426 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of History of a literary radical, and other essays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #69426, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does History of a literary radical, and other essays take to read?

About 269 minutes of reading across 648 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read History of a literary radical, and other essays section by section

How to work through History of a literary radical, and other essays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of History of a literary radical, and other essays to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in History of a literary radical, and other essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in History of a literary radical, and other essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Write
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of a literary radical, and other essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Favor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of a literary radical, and other essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of a literary radical, and other essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Interests
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of a literary radical, and other essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.