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History of California
History of California

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of History of California is here in full — 304 sentences across 61 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/60 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.
Over it had passed Montezuma with all the splendor of his pagan court.
On it, too, had marched and counter marched his grim conqueror, the great Cortez.
Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.
Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

History of California

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of History of California is here in full — 304 sentences across 61 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/60 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.
Line 2
Over it had passed Montezuma with all the splendor of his pagan court.
/ˈoʊvər ɪt hæd pæst ˌmɑːntɪˈzuːmə wɪð ɔːl ðə ˈsplen.dər ʌv hɪz ˈpeɪɡən kɔːrt/
Line 3
On it, too, had marched and counter marched his grim conqueror, the great Cortez.
/ɑːn ɪt tuː hæd mɑːrtʃt ənd ˈkaʊntər mɑːrtʃt hɪz ɡrɪm ˈkɑːŋkərər ðə ɡreɪt kɔːrˈtez/
Line 4
Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.
/θruː ɪts waɪt dʌst hæd ˈtrævəld æn ˈɔːlmoʊst ˈendləs prəˈseʃən ʌv mjuːlz ənd sleɪvz ˈkæriɪŋ ðə ˈtreʒərz ʌv ðə maɪnz ʌv ˈmeksəkoʊ ənd ðə rɪtʃ ˌɪmˈpɔːrts ʌv məˈnɪlə ənd ˈɪndiə ɑːn təˈwɔːrd speɪn/
Line 5
Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cortez noun US /kɔːrˈtez/

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)

From this reading “On it, too, had marched and counter marched his grim conqueror, the great Cortez.”

eighteenth adjective US /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading “The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.”

imports noun US /ˌɪmˈpɔːrts/

plural of “import” — commodities (goods or services) bought from a foreign country

From this reading “Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.”

journeying noun US /ˈdʒɜːrniɪŋ/

the act of traveling from one place to another

From this reading “Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.”

Manila noun US /məˈnɪlə/

a strong paper or thin cardboard with a smooth light brown finish made from e.g. Manila hemp

From this reading “Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.”

Montezuma noun US /ˌmɑːntɪˈzuːmə/

evergreen tree with large leathery leaves and large pink to orange flowers; considered a link plant between families Bombacaceae and Sterculiaceae

From this reading “Over it had passed Montezuma with all the splendor of his pagan court.”

pagan noun US /ˈpeɪɡən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading “Over it had passed Montezuma with all the splendor of his pagan court.”

traveler noun US /ˈtrævələr/

a person who changes location

From this reading “Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1749

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Over it had passed Montezuma with all the splendor of his pagan court.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading On it, too, had marched and counter marched his grim conqueror, the great Cortez.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.

CalifornianounUS /ˌkæləˈfɔːrnjə/

a state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes

From this reading Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

carryingverbUS /ˈkæriɪŋ/

-ing form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

connectedadjectiveUS /kəˈnektɪd/

being joined in close association

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

conquerornounUS /ˈkɑːŋkərər/

someone who is victorious by force of arms

From this reading On it, too, had marched and counter marched his grim conqueror, the great Cortez.

CorteznounUS /kɔːrˈtez/

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)

From this reading On it, too, had marched and counter marched his grim conqueror, the great Cortez.

counternounUS /ˈkaʊntər/

table consisting of a horizontal surface over which business is transacted

From this reading On it, too, had marched and counter marched his grim conqueror, the great Cortez.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Over it had passed Montezuma with all the splendor of his pagan court.

CrossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

Cruz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.

dustverbUS /dʌst/

remove the dust from

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

eighteenthadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

endlessadjectiveUS /ˈendləs/

tiresomely long; seemingly without end

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

FenounUS /feɪ/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading On it, too, had marched and counter marched his grim conqueror, the great Cortez.

grimadjectiveUS /ɡrɪm/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading On it, too, had marched and counter marched his grim conqueror, the great Cortez.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

highwaynounUS /ˈhaɪweɪ/

a major road for any form of motor transport

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Over it had passed Montezuma with all the splendor of his pagan court.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

importancenounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

the quality of being important and worthy of note

From this reading Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.

importsnounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrts/

plural of “import” — commodities (goods or services) bought from a foreign country

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

IndianounUS /ˈɪndiə/

a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

journeyingnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrniɪŋ/

the act of traveling from one place to another

From this reading Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.

kingsnounUS /kɪŋz/

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

ManilanounUS /məˈnɪlə/

a strong paper or thin cardboard with a smooth light brown finish made from e.g. Manila hemp

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

marchedverbUS /mɑːrtʃt/

past form of “march” — march in a procession

From this reading On it, too, had marched and counter marched his grim conqueror, the great Cortez.

MexiconounUS /ˈmeksəkoʊ/

a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

minesnounUS /maɪnz/

plural of “mine” — excavation in the earth from which ores and minerals are extracted

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

MontezumanounUS /ˌmɑːntɪˈzuːmə/

evergreen tree with large leathery leaves and large pink to orange flowers; considered a link plant between families Bombacaceae and Sterculiaceae

From this reading Over it had passed Montezuma with all the splendor of his pagan court.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

mulesnounUS /mjuːlz/

plural of “mule” — hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse; usually sterile

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On it, too, had marched and counter marched his grim conqueror, the great Cortez.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

OverprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Over it had passed Montezuma with all the splendor of his pagan court.

pagannounUS /ˈpeɪɡən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading Over it had passed Montezuma with all the splendor of his pagan court.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Over it had passed Montezuma with all the splendor of his pagan court.

portnounUS /pɔːrt/

a place (seaport or airport) where people and merchandise can enter or leave a country

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

processionnounUS /prəˈseʃən/

(theology) the origination of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

SantanounUS /ˈsæntə/

the legendary patron saint of children; an imaginary being who is thought to bring presents to children at Christmas

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

slavesnounUS /sleɪvz/

plural of “slave” — a person who is owned by someone

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

splendornounUS /ˈsplen.dər/

Magnificent and splendid appearance; grandeur and brilliance.

From this reading Over it had passed Montezuma with all the splendor of his pagan court.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.

ThroughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading On it, too, had marched and counter marched his grim conqueror, the great Cortez.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

traveledadjectiveUS /ˈtrævəld/

traveled over or through; sometimes used as a combining term

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

travelernounUS /ˈtrævələr/

a person who changes location

From this reading Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.

treasuresnounUS /ˈtreʒərz/

plural of “treasure” — accumulated wealth in the form of money or jewels etc.

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

Vera

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading Through its white dust had traveled an almost endless procession of mules and slaves, carrying the treasures of the mines of Mexico and the rich imports of Manila and India on toward Spain.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The Cross of Santa Fe The kings highway which led up from Vera Cruz, the chief port of the eastern coast of Mexico, to the capital city of New Spain had in the eighteenth century more history connected with it than any other road in the new world.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Over this road there was journeying, one winter day in the year 1749, a traveler of more importance to the history of the state of California than any one who had gone before.

Chapter 4 of History of California by Helen Elliott Bandini holds 304 sentences, grouped into 61 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of History of California contain?

Chapter 4 holds 304 sentences of History of California, unabridged, divided into 61 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of History of California by Helen Elliott Bandini exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 304 sentences, grouped into 61 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of History of California?

Work through the 61 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 61 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading History of California

Common questions about reading History of California by Helen Elliott Bandini on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of History of California?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of History of California is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does History of California take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read History of California section by section

How to work through History of California section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of History of California to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in History of California

Words and structures a reader meets early in History of California, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of History of California, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of History of California, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of History of California, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.