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History of California
History of California

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of History of California is here in full — 173 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.
When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.
As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.
The only other official was the local alcalde of each community.
This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

History of California

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of History of California is here in full — 173 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.
/ðə bɜːrθ ʌv ðə ˈɡoʊldən ˈbeɪbi ðə bɜːrθ ʌv ðə ˈɡoʊldən ˈbeɪbi ɪn ˈʌðər wɜːrdz ðə ˈkʌmɪŋ ʌv ðə ˈɡoʊldən steɪt ˈɪntuː ðə ˈjuːnjən wɑːz ə taɪm ʌv ˈstrʌɡəl ənd ənˈsɜːrtənti wen ˈfiːlɪŋz wɜːr ˈdiːpli stɜːrd ənd hoʊp dɪˈfɜːrd kɑːzd ˈbɪtər ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/
Line 2
When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.
Line 3
As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.
/æz suːn æz ˈkɑːŋɡrəs ækˈseptɪd ðə ˈtriːti ðə ˈmɪləteri ˈɡʌvərnər siːst tuː hæv ˈeni ˈpaʊər fɔːr ðer wɑːz ðen noʊ ˈlɔːŋɡər ə steɪt ʌv wɔːr jet hiː wɑːz stɪl oʊˈbeɪd baɪ ˈkɜːrtəsi ənˈtɪl sʌm wʌn wɪð ə ˈbetər raɪt tʊk hɪz pleɪs/
Line 4
The only other official was the local alcalde of each community.
Line 5
This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.
/ðɪs wɑːz ə ˈmeksəkən ˈɔːfɪs bʌt wɑːz æt ðæt taɪm ˈɔːfən fɪld baɪ æn əˈmerəkən huː hæd pərˈhæps bɪn ɪn ðə ˈterɪtɔːri ˈoʊnli ə fjuː mʌnθs ənd nuː ˈnʌθɪŋ ʌv ˈmeksəkən lɔːz bʌt ræn θɪŋz æz wel æz hiː kʊd ˈæftər ðə ˈiːstərn ˈfæʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

deferred verb US /dɪˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “defer” — hold back to a later time

From this reading “The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.”

legally adverb US /ˈliːɡəli/

by law; conforming to the law

From this reading “When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.”

Mexican noun US /ˈmeksəkən/

a native or inhabitant of Mexico

From this reading “This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.”

Mexico noun US /ˈmeksəkoʊ/

a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810

From this reading “When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.”

ratified adjective US /ˈrætəfaɪd/

formally approved and invested with legal authority

From this reading “When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.”

rulers noun US /ˈruːlərz/

plural of “ruler” — a person who rules or commands

From this reading “When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.”

settlements noun US /ˈsetəlmənts/

plural of “settlement” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading “When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.”

treaty noun US /ˈtriːti/

a written agreement between two states or sovereigns

From this reading “When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.”

All words in this reading · 112

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

acceptedadjectiveUS /ækˈseptɪd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

alcaldenoun

a mayor or chief magistrate of a Spanish town

From this reading The only other official was the local alcalde of each community.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

appointedadjectiveUS /əˈpɔɪntɪd/

subject to appointment

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

BabynounUS /ˈbeɪbi/

a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

BirthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

communitynounUS /kəˈmjuːnəti/

a group of people living in a particular local area

From this reading The only other official was the local alcalde of each community.

CongressnounUS /ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

containingverbUS /kənˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

courtesynounUS /ˈkɜːrtəsi/

a courteous or respectful or considerate act

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

deeplyadverbUS /ˈdiːpli/

to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

deferredverbUS /dɪˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “defer” — hold back to a later time

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

disappointmentnounUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/

a feeling of dissatisfaction that results when your expectations are not realized

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The only other official was the local alcalde of each community.

EasternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

GoldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

governornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

hundredsnounUS /ˈhʌndrədz/

plural of “hundred” — ten 10s

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

legallyadverbUS /ˈliːɡəli/

by law; conforming to the law

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

localadjectiveUS /ˈloʊkəl/

relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area

From this reading The only other official was the local alcalde of each community.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

MexicannounUS /ˈmeksəkən/

a native or inhabitant of Mexico

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

MexiconounUS /ˈmeksəkoʊ/

a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

obeyedverbUS /oʊˈbeɪd/

past form of “obey” — be obedient to

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

officialadjectiveUS /əˈfɪʃəl/

having official authority or sanction

From this reading The only other official was the local alcalde of each community.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The only other official was the local alcalde of each community.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

PacificnounUS /pəˈsɪfɪk/

the largest ocean in the world

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

ratifiedadjectiveUS /ˈrætəfaɪd/

formally approved and invested with legal authority

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

rulersnounUS /ˈruːlərz/

plural of “ruler” — a person who rules or commands

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

settlementsnounUS /ˈsetəlmənts/

plural of “settlement” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

stirredadjectiveUS /stɜːrd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

territorynounUS /ˈterɪtɔːri/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

treatynounUS /ˈtriːti/

a written agreement between two states or sovereigns

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

uncertaintynounUS /ənˈsɜːrtənti/

being unsettled or in doubt or dependent on chance

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

UnionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading This was a Mexican office, but was at that time often filled by an American who had, perhaps, been in the territory only a few months and knew nothing of Mexican laws, but ran things as well as he could after the Eastern fashion.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading When the treaty of peace with Mexico was ratified by Congress it left the Pacific coast settlements in a strange position--a territory containing thousands of people, with more coming by hundreds, but with no legally appointed rulers.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading The Birth of the Golden Baby The birth of the Golden Baby, in other words, the coming of the Golden State into the Union, was a time of struggle and uncertainty, when feelings were deeply stirred and hope deferred caused bitter disappointment.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading As soon as Congress accepted the treaty, the military governor ceased to have any power, for there was then no longer a state of war; yet he was still obeyed by courtesy, until some one with a better right took his place.

Chapter 9 of History of California by Helen Elliott Bandini holds 173 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of History of California contain?

Chapter 9 holds 173 sentences of History of California, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of History of California by Helen Elliott Bandini exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 173 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of History of California?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in History of California

Words and structures a reader meets early in History of California, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

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