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History of California
History of California

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of History of California is here in full — 132 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Signal Gun and the Steel Trail Boom!
Boom!
Boom!
Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.
Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.
0:00 / 0:00
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

History of California

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of History of California is here in full — 132 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Signal Gun and the Steel Trail Boom!
/ðə ˈsɪɡnəl ɡʌn ənd ðə stiːl treɪl buːm/
Line 2
Boom!
/buːm/
Line 3
Boom!
/buːm/
Line 4
Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.
Line 5
Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.
/ˈfaɪərd æt ə taɪm wen moʊst ˈpiːpəl wɜːr ˈhoʊpɪŋ fɔːr ə ˈpiːsfəl ˈaʊtkʌm ʌv ðə ˈsekʃənəl ˈtrʌbəlz ɪt əˈstɑːnɪʃt ðə wɜːrld ənd stɜːrd ðə hoʊl ˈkʌntri tuː ɪts depθs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

April noun US /ˈeɪprəl/

the month following March and preceding May

From this reading “Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.”

Boom verb US /buːm/

make a resonant sound, like artillery

From this reading “The Signal Gun and the Steel Trail Boom!”

firing noun US /ˈfaɪrɪŋ/

the act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy

From this reading “Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.”

floated verb US /ˈfloʊtəd/

past form of “float” — be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading “Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.”

Friday noun US /ˈfraɪdi/

the sixth day of the week; the fifth working day

From this reading “Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.”

memorable adjective US /ˈmemərəbəl/

worth remembering

From this reading “Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.”

outcome noun US /ˈaʊtkʌm/

something that results

From this reading “Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.”

sectional adjective US /ˈsekʃənəl/

relating to or based upon a section (i.e. as if cut through by an intersecting plane)

From this reading “Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

12

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

1861

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Signal Gun and the Steel Trail Boom!

AprilnounUS /ˈeɪprəl/

the month following March and preceding May

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

astonishedadjectiveUS /əˈstɑːnɪʃt/

filled with the emotional impact of overwhelming surprise or shock

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

BoomverbUS /buːm/

make a resonant sound, like artillery

From this reading The Signal Gun and the Steel Trail Boom!

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

depthsnounUS /depθs/

(plural) the deepest and most remote part

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

FiredadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪərd/

having lost your job

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

firingnounUS /ˈfaɪrɪŋ/

the act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

flagnounUS /flæɡ/

emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

floatedverbUS /ˈfloʊtəd/

past form of “float” — be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

FortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

FridaynounUS /ˈfraɪdi/

the sixth day of the week; the fifth working day

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

GunnounUS /ɡʌn/

a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading The Signal Gun and the Steel Trail Boom!

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

hopingverbUS /ˈhoʊpɪŋ/

-ing form of “hope” — expect and wish

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

memorableadjectiveUS /ˈmemərəbəl/

worth remembering

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

NeveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

outcomenounUS /ˈaʊtkʌm/

something that results

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

peacefuladjectiveUS /ˈpiːsfəl/

not disturbed by strife or turmoil or war

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

sectionaladjectiveUS /ˈsekʃənəl/

relating to or based upon a section (i.e. as if cut through by an intersecting plane)

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

shotnounUS /ʃɑːt/

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

SignalnounUS /ˈsɪɡnəl/

any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message

From this reading The Signal Gun and the Steel Trail Boom!

SteelnounUS /stiːl/

an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range

From this reading The Signal Gun and the Steel Trail Boom!

stirredadjectiveUS /stɜːrd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

Sumter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Signal Gun and the Steel Trail Boom!

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

TrailnounUS /treɪl/

a track or mark left by something that has passed

From this reading The Signal Gun and the Steel Trail Boom!

troublesnounUS /ˈtrʌbəlz/

plural of “trouble” — a source of difficulty

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

UnionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Never in history did the firing of a gun have such a powerful effect as that which sent the first shot at the flag of the Union, as it floated over Fort Sumter on that memorable Friday, April 12, 1861.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Fired at a time when most people were hoping for a peaceful outcome of the sectional troubles, it astonished the world and stirred the whole country to its depths.

Chapter 10 of History of California by Helen Elliott Bandini holds 132 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of History of California contain?

Chapter 10 holds 132 sentences of History of California, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of History of California by Helen Elliott Bandini exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 132 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of History of California?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading History of California

Common questions about reading History of California by Helen Elliott Bandini on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of History of California?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of History of California is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does History of California take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read History of California section by section

How to work through History of California section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in History of California

Words and structures a reader meets early in History of California, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of History of California, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of History of California, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.