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History of California
History of California

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of History of California is here in full — 117 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
Its northern third lies between 120¡ and 124¡ 26 west longitude.
From Cape Mendocino, its most westerly point, the coast trends southeastward to San Diego Bay.
The total coast line on the Pacific is 1200 miles.
The state’s greatest width is 235 miles, which is between Point Conception and the northern end of the Amaragosa Range on the Nevada line.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

History of California

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of History of California is here in full — 117 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
Line 2
Its northern third lies between 120¡ and 124¡ 26west longitude.
Line 3
From Cape Mendocino, its most westerly point, the coast trends southeastward to San Diego Bay.
Line 4
The total coast line on the Pacific is 1200 miles.
Line 5
The state’s greatest width is 235 miles, which is between Point Conception and the northern end of the Amaragosa Range on the Nevada line.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cod noun US /kɑːd/

the vessel that contains the seeds of a plant (not the seeds themselves)

From this reading “Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.”

Inlet noun US /ˈɪnlet/

an arm off of a larger body of water (often between rocky headlands)

From this reading “Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.”

longitude noun US /ˈlɑːndʒətuːd/

the angular distance between a point on any meridian and the prime meridian at Greenwich

From this reading “Its northern third lies between 120¡ and 124¡ 26’ west longitude.”

Nevada noun US /nəˈvɑːdə/

a state in the western United States

From this reading “The state’s greatest width is 235 miles, which is between Point Conception and the northern end of the Amaragosa Range on the Nevada line.”

parallels noun US /ˈperəlelz/

plural of “parallel” — something having the property of being analogous to something else

From this reading “Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.”

state's noun US /steɪts/

possessive form of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

trends noun US /trendz/

plural of “trend” — a general direction in which something tends to move

From this reading “From Cape Mendocino, its most westerly point, the coast trends southeastward to San Diego Bay.”

westerly adverb US /ˈwestərli/

toward the west

From this reading “From Cape Mendocino, its most westerly point, the coast trends southeastward to San Diego Bay.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

120

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Its northern third lies between 120¡ and 124¡ 26’ west longitude.

1200

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The total coast line on the Pacific is 1200 miles.

124

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Its northern third lies between 120¡ and 124¡ 26’ west longitude.

235

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The state’s greatest width is 235 miles, which is between Point Conception and the northern end of the Amaragosa Range on the Nevada line.

26

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Its northern third lies between 120¡ and 124¡ 26’ west longitude.

32

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

42

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

Amaragosa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The state’s greatest width is 235 miles, which is between Point Conception and the northern end of the Amaragosa Range on the Nevada line.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

BaynounUS /beɪ/

an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading From Cape Mendocino, its most westerly point, the coast trends southeastward to San Diego Bay.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

CalifornianounUS /ˌkæləˈfɔːrnjə/

a state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

CapenounUS /keɪp/

a strip of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

CarolinanounUS /ˌkerəˈlaɪnə/

the area of the states of North Carolina and South Carolina

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

CodnounUS /kɑːd/

the vessel that contains the seeds of a plant (not the seeds themselves)

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

ConceptionnounUS /kənˈsepʃən/

an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances

From this reading The state’s greatest width is 235 miles, which is between Point Conception and the northern end of the Amaragosa Range on the Nevada line.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

Diego

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Cape Mendocino, its most westerly point, the coast trends southeastward to San Diego Bay.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

Edisto

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The state’s greatest width is 235 miles, which is between Point Conception and the northern end of the Amaragosa Range on the Nevada line.

extendingverbUS /ɪkˈstendɪŋ/

-ing form of “extend” — extend in scope or range or area

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From Cape Mendocino, its most westerly point, the coast trends southeastward to San Diego Bay.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading The state’s greatest width is 235 miles, which is between Point Conception and the northern end of the Amaragosa Range on the Nevada line.

InletnounUS /ˈɪnlet/

an arm off of a larger body of water (often between rocky headlands)

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The total coast line on the Pacific is 1200 miles.

ItsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Its northern third lies between 120¡ and 124¡ 26’ west longitude.

latitudenounUS /ˈlætətuːd/

the angular distance between an imaginary line around a heavenly body parallel to its equator and the equator itself

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading The total coast line on the Pacific is 1200 miles.

longitudenounUS /ˈlɑːndʒətuːd/

the angular distance between a point on any meridian and the prime meridian at Greenwich

From this reading Its northern third lies between 120¡ and 124¡ 26’ west longitude.

MassachusettsnounUS /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsəts/

a state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

Mendocino

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Cape Mendocino, its most westerly point, the coast trends southeastward to San Diego Bay.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading The total coast line on the Pacific is 1200 miles.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading From Cape Mendocino, its most westerly point, the coast trends southeastward to San Diego Bay.

NevadanounUS /nəˈvɑːdə/

a state in the western United States

From this reading The state’s greatest width is 235 miles, which is between Point Conception and the northern end of the Amaragosa Range on the Nevada line.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

northernadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

PacificnounUS /pəˈsɪfɪk/

the largest ocean in the world

From this reading The total coast line on the Pacific is 1200 miles.

parallelsnounUS /ˈperəlelz/

plural of “parallel” — something having the property of being analogous to something else

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

RangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading The state’s greatest width is 235 miles, which is between Point Conception and the northern end of the Amaragosa Range on the Nevada line.

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

San

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Cape Mendocino, its most westerly point, the coast trends southeastward to San Diego Bay.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

southeastwardnoun

the compass point midway between south and east; at 135 degrees

From this reading From Cape Mendocino, its most westerly point, the coast trends southeastward to San Diego Bay.

spacenounUS /speɪs/

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

state'snounUS /steɪts/

possessive form of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The state’s greatest width is 235 miles, which is between Point Conception and the northern end of the Amaragosa Range on the Nevada line.

StatisticsnounUS /stəˈtɪstɪks/

a branch of applied mathematics concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data and the use of probability theory to estimate population parameters

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Statistics The state of California lies between the parallels 32¡ and 42¡ north latitude, extending over a space represented on the eastern coast by the country between Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, and the northern point of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading Its northern third lies between 120¡ and 124¡ 26’ west longitude.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading From Cape Mendocino, its most westerly point, the coast trends southeastward to San Diego Bay.

totalverbUS /ˈtoʊtəl/

add up in number or quantity

From this reading The total coast line on the Pacific is 1200 miles.

trendsnounUS /trendz/

plural of “trend” — a general direction in which something tends to move

From this reading From Cape Mendocino, its most westerly point, the coast trends southeastward to San Diego Bay.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading Its northern third lies between 120¡ and 124¡ 26’ west longitude.

westerlyadverbUS /ˈwestərli/

toward the west

From this reading From Cape Mendocino, its most westerly point, the coast trends southeastward to San Diego Bay.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The state’s greatest width is 235 miles, which is between Point Conception and the northern end of the Amaragosa Range on the Nevada line.

widthnounUS /wɪdθ/

the extent of something from side to side

From this reading The state’s greatest width is 235 miles, which is between Point Conception and the northern end of the Amaragosa Range on the Nevada line.

Chapter 18 of History of California by Helen Elliott Bandini holds 117 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of History of California contain?

Chapter 18 holds 117 sentences of History of California, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of History of California by Helen Elliott Bandini exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 117 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of History of California?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in History of California

Words and structures a reader meets early in History of California, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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