Chapter IV · Chapter 4

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

a sharp bitterness

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Intellectual pleasantry was unknown, except as an exotic, and flourished almost exclusively among those who were imbued with the literature of Greece.

in addition

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Intellectual pleasantry was unknown, except as an exotic, and flourished almost exclusively among those who were imbued with the literature of Greece.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

a disloyal person who betrays or deserts his cause or religion or political party or friend etc.

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

a quality that outshines the usual

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC)

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

a linear unit of the size of type slightly larger than an em

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

light and humorous drama with a happy ending

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

an ancient country in central Italy; assimilated by the Romans by about 200 BC

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

apart from; not including

From this reading Intellectual pleasantry was unknown, except as an exotic, and flourished almost exclusively among those who were imbued with the literature of Greece.

without any others being included or involved

From this reading Intellectual pleasantry was unknown, except as an exotic, and flourished almost exclusively among those who were imbued with the literature of Greece.

being or from or characteristic of another place or part of the world

From this reading Intellectual pleasantry was unknown, except as an exotic, and flourished almost exclusively among those who were imbued with the literature of Greece.

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

a social unit living together

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

past form of “flourish” — grow vigorously

From this reading Intellectual pleasantry was unknown, except as an exotic, and flourished almost exclusively among those who were imbued with the literature of Greece.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

a republic in southeastern Europe on the southern part of the Balkan peninsula; known for grapes and olives and olive oil

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

Roman lyric poet said to have influenced English poetry (65-8 BC)

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading ROMAN HUMOUR.

past form of “imbue” — spread or diffuse through

From this reading Intellectual pleasantry was unknown, except as an exotic, and flourished almost exclusively among those who were imbued with the literature of Greece.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

originating where it is found

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind

From this reading Intellectual pleasantry was unknown, except as an exotic, and flourished almost exclusively among those who were imbued with the literature of Greece.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

Roman Emperor and nephew of Constantine; he restored paganism as the official religion of the Roman Empire and destroyed Christian temples but his decision was reversed after his death (331?-363)

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

Roman satirist who denounced the vice and folly of Roman society during the reign of the emperor Domitian (60-140)

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading Intellectual pleasantry was unknown, except as an exotic, and flourished almost exclusively among those who were imbued with the literature of Greece.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

(of persons) befitting a warrior

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

and nothing more

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

-ing form of “originate” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

plural of “performance” — a dramatic or musical entertainment

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

Roman satirist (died in 66)

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

comic dramatist of ancient Rome (253?-184 BC)

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

an agreeable or amusing remark

From this reading Intellectual pleasantry was unknown, except as an exotic, and flourished almost exclusively among those who were imbued with the literature of Greece.

(especially of incident sound or light) bent or sent back

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading ROMAN HUMOUR.

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

witty language used to convey insults or scorn

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

inflected form of “shine” — be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

plural of “snatch” — a small fragment

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

dramatist of ancient Rome (born in Greece) whose comedies were based on works by Menander (190?-159 BC)

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Roman Comedy--Plautus--Acerbity--Terence--Satire--Lucilius--Horace--Humour of the Caesar Family--Cicero--Augustus--Persius--Petronius--Juvenal --Martial--Epigrammatist--Lucian--Apuleius--Julian the Apostate--The Misopogon--Symposius' Enigmas--Macrobius--Hierocles and Philagrius.

in or at that place or location

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Intellectual pleasantry was unknown, except as an exotic, and flourished almost exclusively among those who were imbued with the literature of Greece.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

not known

From this reading Intellectual pleasantry was unknown, except as an exotic, and flourished almost exclusively among those who were imbued with the literature of Greece.

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

plural of “wedding” — the social event at which the ceremony of marriage is performed

From this reading As for humour, such as was indigenous in the country, it was only represented by a few Saturnian snatches, some Fescennine banterings at weddings and harvest-homes, and rude pantomimic performances also originating in Etruria.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Intellectual pleasantry was unknown, except as an exotic, and flourished almost exclusively among those who were imbued with the literature of Greece.

in or at the place that

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The light of genius which shone in Greece was to some extent reflected upon Rome, where there was never an equal brilliancy.

which person or people

From this reading Intellectual pleasantry was unknown, except as an exotic, and flourished almost exclusively among those who were imbued with the literature of Greece.

in the company of; together with

From this reading Intellectual pleasantry was unknown, except as an exotic, and flourished almost exclusively among those who were imbued with the literature of Greece.