Chapter V · Chapter 5

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading MIDDLE AGES.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

plural of “allegory” — a short moral story (often with animal characters)

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

in spite of the fact that

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading The great cause of the disappearance of literature and civilization was, of course, the sword of the Goths, which made the rich countries of Southern Europe, a wilderness and desolation.

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

plural of “characteristic” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

gotten under control

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

confirmation that some fact or statement is true through the use of documentary evidence

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The great cause of the disappearance of literature and civilization was, of course, the sword of the Goths, which made the rich countries of Southern Europe, a wilderness and desolation.

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading The great cause of the disappearance of literature and civilization was, of course, the sword of the Goths, which made the rich countries of Southern Europe, a wilderness and desolation.

plural of “crusade” — a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

absence of light or illumination

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

the state of being decayed or destroyed

From this reading The great cause of the disappearance of literature and civilization was, of course, the sword of the Goths, which made the rich countries of Southern Europe, a wilderness and desolation.

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

the act of leaving secretly or without explanation

From this reading The great cause of the disappearance of literature and civilization was, of course, the sword of the Goths, which made the rich countries of Southern Europe, a wilderness and desolation.

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading The great cause of the disappearance of literature and civilization was, of course, the sword of the Goths, which made the rich countries of Southern Europe, a wilderness and desolation.

ludicrously odd

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

shining unsteadily

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

set up or found

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The great cause of the disappearance of literature and civilization was, of course, the sword of the Goths, which made the rich countries of Southern Europe, a wilderness and desolation.

proceeding in small stages

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The great cause of the disappearance of literature and civilization was, of course, the sword of the Goths, which made the rich countries of Southern Europe, a wilderness and desolation.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

having or involving the use of hands

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

plural of “legend” — a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The great cause of the disappearance of literature and civilization was, of course, the sword of the Goths, which made the rich countries of Southern Europe, a wilderness and desolation.

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading MIDDLE AGES.

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

found in the ordinary course of events

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

sporadically and infrequently

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

the time that has elapsed

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

a publication that appears at fixed intervals

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

plural of “philosopher” — a specialist in philosophy

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

the state of being prominent: widely known or eminent

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

deteriorate in health

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

unusual or striking

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

an event that repeats

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

passing from a more complex to a simpler biological form

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

bringing again into activity and prominence

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

tending to impart new life and vigor to

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

possessing material wealth

From this reading The great cause of the disappearance of literature and civilization was, of course, the sword of the Goths, which made the rich countries of Southern Europe, a wilderness and desolation.

plural of “romance” — a relationship between two lovers

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

a small and inadequate amount

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

term of address for a man

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The great cause of the disappearance of literature and civilization was, of course, the sword of the Goths, which made the rich countries of Southern Europe, a wilderness and desolation.

a state of inactivity (in business or art etc)

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

following in time or order

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading The great cause of the disappearance of literature and civilization was, of course, the sword of the Goths, which made the rich countries of Southern Europe, a wilderness and desolation.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

a light usually carried in the hand; consists of some flammable substance

From this reading This re-birth contained all the leading characteristics of the original development of thought, although, amid the darkness, the torch handed down from the past afforded occasionally some flickering light.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The great cause of the disappearance of literature and civilization was, of course, the sword of the Goths, which made the rich countries of Southern Europe, a wilderness and desolation.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The great cause of the disappearance of literature and civilization was, of course, the sword of the Goths, which made the rich countries of Southern Europe, a wilderness and desolation.

which person or people

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

(politics) a state of disfavor

From this reading The great cause of the disappearance of literature and civilization was, of course, the sword of the Goths, which made the rich countries of Southern Europe, a wilderness and desolation.

possessive form of “world” — everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages--Stagnation of Mind--Scarcity of Books--Character of reviving Literature--Religious Writings--Fantastic Legends--Influence of the Crusades--Romances--Sir Bevis of Hamptoun--Prominence of the Lower Animals--Allegories.

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Those ancient philosophers who believed in a mundane year and a periodical repetition of the world's history, would have found a remarkable corroboration of their theory in the retrogression of learning during the middle ages, and its subsequent gradual revival.