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History of English Humour — Vol. 1
History of English Humour — Vol. 1

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of History of English Humour — Vol. 1 is here in full — 273 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/54 · 5 lines
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Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.
The rude character of the Anglo-Saxon humour may be gathered from our having derived from it the word _fun_.
This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.
We also discover among the Anglo-Saxons an unamiable tendency to give nicknames to people from their personal peculiarities.
But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

History of English Humour — Vol. 1

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of History of English Humour — Vol. 1 is here in full — 273 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/54 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.
Line 2
The rude character of the Anglo-Saxon humour may be gathered from our having derived from it the word _fun_.
Line 3
This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.
/ðɪs tɜːrm wɪtʃ wiː ˈɔːfən əˈplaɪ tuː ˈrɑːmpɪŋ ənd ˈbɔɪstərəs ɡeɪmz rəˈfɜːrz ˈprɪnsɪpli tuː ðə sens ʌv ˈfiːlɪŋ ənd ˈɔːlweɪz ˌɪmˈplaɪz sʌm loʊ kaɪnd ʌv əˈmjuːzmənt kəˈnektɪd wɪð ðə ˈsensɪz/
Line 4
We also discover among the Anglo-Saxons an unamiable tendency to give nicknames to people from their personal peculiarities.
Line 5
But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Erasmus noun US /ɪˈræzməs/

Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe; although his criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church led to the Reformation, he opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther (1466-1536)

From this reading “Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.”

Mapes verb US /meɪps/

third-person singular of “map” — make a map of; show or establish the features of details of

From this reading “Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.”

nicknames noun US /ˈnɪkneɪmz/

plural of “nickname” — a familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name)

From this reading “We also discover among the Anglo-Saxons an unamiable tendency to give nicknames to people from their personal peculiarities.”

Ornamentation noun US /ˌɔːrnəmenˈteɪʃən/

the state of being ornamented

From this reading “Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.”

Piers noun US /pɪrz/

plural of “pier” — a platform built out from the shore into the water and supported by piles; provides access to ships and boats

From this reading “Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.”

riddles noun US /ˈrɪdəlz/

plural of “riddle” — a difficult problem

From this reading “But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.”

romping verb US /ˈrɑːmpɪŋ/

-ing form of “romp” — play boisterously

From this reading “This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.”

Satires noun US /ˈsætaɪərz/

plural of “satire” — witty language used to convey insults or scorn

From this reading “Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

Aldhelm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

AlenounUS /eɪl/

a general name for beer made with a top fermenting yeast; in some of the United States an ale is (by law) a brew of more than 4% alcohol by volume

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading We also discover among the Anglo-Saxons an unamiable tendency to give nicknames to people from their personal peculiarities.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading We also discover among the Anglo-Saxons an unamiable tendency to give nicknames to people from their personal peculiarities.

amusementnounUS /əˈmjuːzmənt/

a feeling of delight at being entertained

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading We also discover among the Anglo-Saxons an unamiable tendency to give nicknames to people from their personal peculiarities.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

Anglo-Saxonnoun

a native or inhabitant of England prior to the Norman Conquest

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

Anglo-Saxons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We also discover among the Anglo-Saxons an unamiable tendency to give nicknames to people from their personal peculiarities.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

applyverbUS /əˈplaɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The rude character of the Anglo-Saxon humour may be gathered from our having derived from it the word _fun_.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

BishopnounUS /ˈbɪʃəp/

a senior member of the Christian clergy having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve Apostles of Christ

From this reading But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

boisterousadjectiveUS /ˈbɔɪstərəs/

noisy and lacking in restraint or discipline

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

Brunellus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading The rude character of the Anglo-Saxon humour may be gathered from our having derived from it the word _fun_.

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

connectedadjectiveUS /kəˈnektɪd/

being joined in close association

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

derivedadjectiveUS /dərˈaɪvd/

formed or developed from something else; not original

From this reading The rude character of the Anglo-Saxon humour may be gathered from our having derived from it the word _fun_.

DevilnounUS /ˈdevəl/

(Judeo-Christian and Islamic religions) chief spirit of evil and adversary of God; tempter of mankind; master of Hell

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

discoververbUS /dɪˈskʌvər/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading We also discover among the Anglo-Saxons an unamiable tendency to give nicknames to people from their personal peculiarities.

Doctour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

Doubble

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

ErasmusnounUS /ɪˈræzməs/

Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe; although his criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church led to the Reformation, he opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther (1466-1536)

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

FollynounUS /ˈfɑːli/

the trait of acting stupidly or rashly

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

FoolsnounUS /fuːlz/

plural of “fool” — a person who lacks good judgment

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The rude character of the Anglo-Saxon humour may be gathered from our having derived from it the word _fun_.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

funnounUS /fʌn/

activities that are enjoyable or amusing

From this reading The rude character of the Anglo-Saxon humour may be gathered from our having derived from it the word _fun_.

gamesnounUS /ɡeɪmz/

plural of “game” — a contest with rules to determine a winner

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

gatheredadjectiveUS /ˈɡæðərd/

brought together in one place

From this reading The rude character of the Anglo-Saxon humour may be gathered from our having derived from it the word _fun_.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading We also discover among the Anglo-Saxons an unamiable tendency to give nicknames to people from their personal peculiarities.

Goliardi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The rude character of the Anglo-Saxon humour may be gathered from our having derived from it the word _fun_.

HumournounUS /ˈhjuːmər/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

impliesverbUS /ˌɪmˈplaɪz/

third-person singular of “imply” — express or state indirectly

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The rude character of the Anglo-Saxon humour may be gathered from our having derived from it the word _fun_.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

LatinadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

LettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

MapesverbUS /meɪps/

third-person singular of “map” — make a map of; show or establish the features of details of

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The rude character of the Anglo-Saxon humour may be gathered from our having derived from it the word _fun_.

MennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

nicknamesnounUS /ˈnɪkneɪmz/

plural of “nickname” — a familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name)

From this reading We also discover among the Anglo-Saxons an unamiable tendency to give nicknames to people from their personal peculiarities.

Nuez

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

ObscureverbUS /əbsˈkjʊr/

make less visible or unclear

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

OrnamentationnounUS /ˌɔːrnəmenˈteɪʃən/

the state of being ornamented

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The rude character of the Anglo-Saxon humour may be gathered from our having derived from it the word _fun_.

peculiaritiesnounUS /pɪˌkjuːliˈerətiz/

plural of “peculiarity” — an odd or unusual characteristic

From this reading We also discover among the Anglo-Saxons an unamiable tendency to give nicknames to people from their personal peculiarities.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading We also discover among the Anglo-Saxons an unamiable tendency to give nicknames to people from their personal peculiarities.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading We also discover among the Anglo-Saxons an unamiable tendency to give nicknames to people from their personal peculiarities.

PiersnounUS /pɪrz/

plural of “pier” — a platform built out from the shore into the water and supported by piles; provides access to ships and boats

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

Ploughmannoun

a man who plows

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

PraisenounUS /preɪz/

an expression of approval and commendation

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

principallyadverbUS /ˈprɪnsɪpli/

for the most part

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

refersverbUS /rəˈfɜːrz/

third-person singular of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

RepresentationsnounUS /ˌreprəzənˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “representation” — a presentation to the mind in the form of an idea or image

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

RhymenounUS /raɪm/

correspondence in the sounds of two or more lines (especially final sounds)

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

riddlesnounUS /ˈrɪdəlz/

plural of “riddle” — a difficult problem

From this reading But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

rompingverbUS /ˈrɑːmpɪŋ/

-ing form of “romp” — play boisterously

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

rudeadjectiveUS /ruːd/

socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading The rude character of the Anglo-Saxon humour may be gathered from our having derived from it the word _fun_.

Sak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

SatiresnounUS /ˈsætaɪərz/

plural of “satire” — witty language used to convey insults or scorn

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

sensesnounUS /ˈsensɪz/

plural of “sens” — street names for marijuana

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

ShipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

Shirburn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

Skelton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

Symposius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

tendencynounUS /ˈtendənsi/

an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading We also discover among the Anglo-Saxons an unamiable tendency to give nicknames to people from their personal peculiarities.

termnounUS /tɜːrm/

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading We also discover among the Anglo-Saxons an unamiable tendency to give nicknames to people from their personal peculiarities.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

translationnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading But if we look for anything better, we can find only a translation of the Latin riddles of Symposius by Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn.

unamiable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We also discover among the Anglo-Saxons an unamiable tendency to give nicknames to people from their personal peculiarities.

WalternounUS /ˈwɔːltər/

German conductor (1876-1962)

From this reading Anglo-Saxon Humour--Rhyme--Satires against the Church--The Brunellus--Walter Mapes--Goliardi--Piers the Ploughman--Letters of Obscure Men--Erasmus--The Praise of Folly--Skelton--The Ship of Fools--Doctour Doubble Ale--The Sak full of Nuez--Church Ornamentation--Representations of the Devil.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading This term which we often apply to romping and boisterous games, refers principally to the sense of feeling, and always implies some low kind of amusement connected with the senses.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading The rude character of the Anglo-Saxon humour may be gathered from our having derived from it the word _fun_.

Chapter 6 of History of English Humour — Vol. 1 by A. G. K. (Alfred Guy Kingan) L'Estrange holds 273 sentences, grouped into 55 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of History of English Humour — Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 6 holds 273 sentences of History of English Humour — Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 55 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of History of English Humour — Vol. 1 by A. G. K. (Alfred Guy Kingan) L'Estrange exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 273 sentences, grouped into 55 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of History of English Humour — Vol. 1?

Work through the 55 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 55 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading History of English Humour — Vol. 1

Common questions about reading History of English Humour — Vol. 1 by A. G. K. (Alfred Guy Kingan) L'Estrange on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of History of English Humour — Vol. 1?

Yes. All 3569 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18300 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of History of English Humour — Vol. 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18300, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does History of English Humour — Vol. 1 take to read?

About 297 minutes of reading across 714 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read History of English Humour — Vol. 1 section by section

How to work through History of English Humour — Vol. 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in History of English Humour — Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in History of English Humour — Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Humour — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Humour — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Humour
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Humour — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preliminary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Humour — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.