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History of English Humour — Vol. 1
History of English Humour — Vol. 1

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of History of English Humour — Vol. 1 is here in full — 277 sentences across 56 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/55 · 5 lines
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Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.
Professed fools seem to have been highly appreciated in the time of Shakespeare.
They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.
Nor had they great talent, their gifts being generally lower than those of our professed wits.
Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

History of English Humour — Vol. 1

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of History of English Humour — Vol. 1 is here in full — 277 sentences across 56 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/55 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.
Line 2
Professed fools seem to have been highly appreciated in the time of Shakespeare.
/prəˈfest fuːlz siːm tuː hæv bɪn ˈhaɪli əˈpriːʃieɪtɪd ɪn ðə taɪm ʌv ˈʃeɪkspiːr/
Line 3
They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.
/ðeɪ duː nɑːt ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːnd tuː ˈaʊər ˈmɑːdərn aɪˈdiːə ʌv ə fuːl bɪˈkɔːz ðer wɑːz ˌɪnˈtentʃən ɪn ðer ˈækʃənz ənd jet wiː kʊd nɑːt hæv kənˈsɪdərd ðem tuː biː ˈrɪli ˈsensəbəl men/
Line 4
Nor had they great talent, their gifts being generally lower than those of our professed wits.
/nɔːr hæd ðeɪ ɡreɪt ˈtælənt ðer ɡɪfts ˈbiːɪŋ ˈdʒenərəli ˈloʊər ðæn ðoʊz ʌv ˈaʊər prəˈfest wɪts/
Line 5
Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

correspond verb US /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːnd/

be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics

From this reading “They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.”

Dryden noun US /ˈdraɪdən/

the outstanding poet and dramatist of the Restoration (1631-1700)

From this reading “Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.”

infirmity noun US /ɪnˈfɜːrmɪti/

the state of being weak in health or body (especially from old age)

From this reading “Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.”

Jesters noun US /ˈdʒestərz/

plural of “jester” — a professional clown employed to entertain a king or nobleman in the Middle Ages

From this reading “Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.”

observes verb US /əbˈzɜːrvz/

third-person singular of “observe” — discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading “Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.”

pleasantry noun US /ˈplezəntri/

an agreeable or amusing remark

From this reading “Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.”

puerile adjective US /pjuːˈriːl/

of or characteristic of a child

From this reading “Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.”

Puritans noun US /ˈpjʊrətənz/

plural of “puritan” — a member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries thought that the Protestant Reformation under Elizabeth was incomplete and advocated the simplification and regulation of forms of worship

From this reading “Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

actionsnounUS /ˈækʃənz/

plural of “action” — something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

Addison

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

appreciatedadjectiveUS /əˈpriːʃieɪtɪd/

fully understood or grasped

From this reading Professed fools seem to have been highly appreciated in the time of Shakespeare.

approachingnounUS /əˈproʊtʃɪŋ/

the event of one object coming closer to another

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Professed fools seem to have been highly appreciated in the time of Shakespeare.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Nor had they great talent, their gifts being generally lower than those of our professed wits.

betrayingverbUS /bɪˈtreɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “betray” — reveal unintentionally

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

Buckingham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

ButlernounUS /ˈbʌtlər/

a manservant (usually the head servant of a household) who has charge of wines and the table

From this reading Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

correspondverbUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːnd/

be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

Counterblasts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.

CourtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

diversionnounUS /daɪˈvɜːrʒən/

an activity that diverts or amuses or stimulates

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

DrydennounUS /ˈdraɪdən/

the outstanding poet and dramatist of the Restoration (1631-1700)

From this reading Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.

ElizabethnounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/

daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

foolnounUS /fuːl/

a person who lacks good judgment

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

foolishadjectiveUS /ˈfuːlɪʃ/

devoid of good sense or judgment

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

foolsnounUS /fuːlz/

plural of “fool” — a person who lacks good judgment

From this reading Professed fools seem to have been highly appreciated in the time of Shakespeare.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading Nor had they great talent, their gifts being generally lower than those of our professed wits.

giftsnounUS /ɡɪfts/

plural of “gift” — something acquired without compensation

From this reading Nor had they great talent, their gifts being generally lower than those of our professed wits.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Nor had they great talent, their gifts being generally lower than those of our professed wits.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Nor had they great talent, their gifts being generally lower than those of our professed wits.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Professed fools seem to have been highly appreciated in the time of Shakespeare.

highlyadverbUS /ˈhaɪli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading Professed fools seem to have been highly appreciated in the time of Shakespeare.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

humournounUS /ˈhjuːmər/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

idleadjectiveUS /ˈaɪdəl/

not in action or at work

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Professed fools seem to have been highly appreciated in the time of Shakespeare.

indulgeverbUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒ/

give free rein to

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

infirmitynounUS /ɪnˈfɜːrmɪti/

the state of being weak in health or body (especially from old age)

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

intentionnounUS /ˌɪnˈtentʃən/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.

JestersnounUS /ˈdʒestərz/

plural of “jester” — a professional clown employed to entertain a king or nobleman in the Middle Ages

From this reading Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.

laughnounUS /læf/

the sound of laughing

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading Nor had they great talent, their gifts being generally lower than those of our professed wits.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

nonsensenounUS /ˈnɑːnsens/

a message that seems to convey no meaning

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

NorconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Nor had they great talent, their gifts being generally lower than those of our professed wits.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

observesverbUS /əbˈzɜːrvz/

third-person singular of “observe” — discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

oddnessnoun

the parity of odd numbers (not divisible by two)

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

pleasantrynounUS /ˈplezəntri/

an agreeable or amusing remark

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

ProfessedadjectiveUS /prəˈfest/

professing to be qualified

From this reading Professed fools seem to have been highly appreciated in the time of Shakespeare.

puerileadjectiveUS /pjuːˈriːl/

of or characteristic of a child

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

PuritansnounUS /ˈpjʊrətənz/

plural of “puritan” — a member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries thought that the Protestant Reformation under Elizabeth was incomplete and advocated the simplification and regulation of forms of worship

From this reading Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.

QueennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

ridiculousadjectiveUS /rɪˈdɪkjələs/

inspiring scornful pity

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

RochesternounUS /ˈrɑːtʃestər/

a city in western New York; a center of the photographic equipment industry

From this reading Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Professed fools seem to have been highly appreciated in the time of Shakespeare.

sensibleadjectiveUS /ˈsensəbəl/

showing reason or sound judgment

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

ShakespearenounUS /ˈʃeɪkspiːr/

English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading Professed fools seem to have been highly appreciated in the time of Shakespeare.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

talentnounUS /ˈtælənt/

natural abilities or qualities

From this reading Nor had they great talent, their gifts being generally lower than those of our professed wits.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Nor had they great talent, their gifts being generally lower than those of our professed wits.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Nor had they great talent, their gifts being generally lower than those of our professed wits.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Professed fools seem to have been highly appreciated in the time of Shakespeare.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.

TobacconounUS /təˈbækoʊ/

leaves of the tobacco plant dried and prepared for smoking or ingestion

From this reading Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II.--Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

witnounUS /wɪt/

a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter

From this reading Addison observes that, "when a man of wit makes us laugh, it is by betraying some oddness or infirmity in his own character," and at the present day, not only do those who indulge much in humour often say things approaching nonsense, and make themselves in other ways ridiculous, but their object, being entirely idle diversion and pleasantry, appears foolish and puerile.

witsnounUS /wɪts/

the basic human power of intelligent thought and perception

From this reading Nor had they great talent, their gifts being generally lower than those of our professed wits.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading They do not correspond to our modern idea of a fool, because there was intention in their actions, and yet we could not have considered them to be really sensible men.

Chapter 11 of History of English Humour — Vol. 1 by A. G. K. (Alfred Guy Kingan) L'Estrange holds 277 sentences, grouped into 56 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of History of English Humour — Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 11 holds 277 sentences of History of English Humour — Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 56 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of History of English Humour — Vol. 1 by A. G. K. (Alfred Guy Kingan) L'Estrange exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 277 sentences, grouped into 56 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of History of English Humour — Vol. 1?

Work through the 56 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 56 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading History of English Humour — Vol. 1 by A. G. K. (Alfred Guy Kingan) L'Estrange on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #18300, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does History of English Humour — Vol. 1 take to read?

About 297 minutes of reading across 714 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in History of English Humour — Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in History of English Humour — Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Humour — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Humour — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Humour
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Humour — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preliminary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Humour — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.